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Originally published in Science Express on 12 February 2004
Science 27 February 2004:
Vol. 303. no. 5662, pp. 1361 - 1364
DOI: 10.1126/science.1093038
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Reports

A Putative Ca2+ and Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Required for Bacterial and Fungal Symbioses

Julien Lévy,1* Cécile Bres,1* René Geurts,2 Boulos Chalhoub,3 Olga Kulikova,2 Gérard Duc,4 Etienne-Pascal Journet,1 Jean-Michel Ané,1 Emmanuelle Lauber,1 Ton Bisseling,2 Jean Dénarié,1 Charles Rosenberg,1 Frédéric Debellé1{dagger}

Legumes can enter into symbiotic relationships with both nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) and mycorrhizal fungi. Nodulation by rhizobia results from a signal transduction pathway induced in legume roots by rhizobial Nod factors. DMI3, a Medicago truncatula gene that acts immediately downstream of calcium spiking in this signaling pathway and is required for both nodulation and mycorrhizal infection, has high sequence similarity to genes encoding calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs). This indicates that calcium spiking is likely an essential component of the signaling cascade leading to nodule development and mycorrhizal infection, and sheds light on the biological role of plant CCaMKs.

1 Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes–Microorganismes INRA-CNRS, BP27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France.
2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA Wageningen, Netherlands.
3 Unité de Recherches en Génomique Végétale INRA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5708, F-91057 Evry Cedex, France.
4 Unité de Recherche de Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses INRA, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.



* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: debelle{at}toulouse.inra.fr

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