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Science 20 February 2004:
Vol. 303. no. 5661, pp. 1192 - 1195
DOI: 10.1126/science.1092124
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Reports

Use of CD134 As a Primary Receptor by the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Masayuki Shimojima,1* Takayuki Miyazawa,2,3* Yasuhiro Ikeda,4 Elizabeth L. McMonagle,5 Hayley Haining,5 Hiroomi Akashi,1 Yasuhiro Takeuchi,4 Margaret J. Hosie,5 Brian J. Willett5{dagger}

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces a disease similar to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, yet in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4 is not the viral receptor. We identified a primary receptor for FIV as CD134 (OX40), a T cell activation antigen and costimulatory molecule. CD134 expression promotes viral binding and renders cells permissive for viral entry, productive infection, and syncytium formation. Infection is CXCR4-dependent, analogous to infection with X4 strains of HIV. Thus, despite the evolutionary divergence of the feline and human lentiviruses, both viruses use receptors that target the virus to a subset of cells that are pivotal to the acquired immune response.

1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
2 Department of Veterinary Public Health, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
3 Host and Defense, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
4 Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, London W1T 4JF, UK.
5 Retrovirus Research Laboratory, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.


* These authors contributed equally to this work

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: b.willett{at}vet.gla.ac.uk

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)