Reports

Role of Microbes in the Smectite-to-Illite Reaction

Jinwook Kim,^1* Hailiang Dong,² Jennifer Seabaugh,² Steven W. Newell,¹ Dennis D. Eberl³

Temperature, pressure, and time have been thought to control the smectite-to-illite (S-I) reaction, an important diagenetic process used for petroleum exploration. We demonstrated that microorganisms can promote the S-I reaction by dissolving smectite through reduction of structural Fe(III) at room temperature and 1atmosphere within 14 days. This reaction typically requires conditions of 300° to 350°C, 100 megapascals, and 4 to 5 months in the absence of microbial activity. These results challenge the conventional concept of the S-I reaction and of reaction kinetic models.

¹ Naval Research Laboratory, Seafloor Sciences Branch, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA.
² Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
³ U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jkim{at}nrlssc.navy.mil

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Microbe-clay mineral interactions.

H. Dong, D. P. Jaisi, J. Kim, and G. Zhang (2009)
American Mineralogist 94, 1505-1519
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ROLE OF MICROBIAL Fe(III) REDUCTION AND SOLUTION CHEMISTRY IN AGGREGATION AND SETTLING OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA PLAIN, LOUISIANA, USA.

D. P. Jaisi, S. Ji, H. Dong, R. E. Blake, D. D. Eberl, and J. Kim (2008)
Clays and Clay Minerals 56, 416-428
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CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FRENCH GREEN CLAYS USED FOR HEALING..

L. B. Williams, S. E. Haydel, R. F. Giese Jr., and D. D. Eberl (2008)
Clays and Clay Minerals 56, 437-452
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PARTITIONING OF Fe(II) IN REDUCED NONTRONITE (NAu-2) TO REACTIVE SITES: REACTIVITY IN TERMS OF Tc(VII) REDUCTION.

D. P. Jaisi, H. Dong, and J. P. Morton (2008)
Clays and Clay Minerals 56, 175-189
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Linking the redox cycles of Fe oxides and Fe-rich clay minerals: an example from a palaeosol of the Upper Freshwater Molasse.

H. STANJEK and C. MARCHEL (2008)
Clay Minerals 43, 69-82
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CATION MASS-VALENCE SUM (CM-VS) APPROACH TO ASSIGNING OH-BENDING BANDS IN DIOCTAHEDRAL SMECTITES.

W. P. Gates (2008)
Clays and Clay Minerals 56, 10-22
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Growth of Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Fe(III)-Reducing Microorganisms on a Ferruginous Smectite as the Sole Electron Acceptor.

K. Kashefi, E. S. Shelobolina, W. C. Elliott, and D. R. Lovley (2008)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 74, 251-258
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COMPARISONS OF STRUCTURAL Fe REDUCTION IN SMECTITES BY BACTERIA AND DITHIONITE: AN INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY.

K. Lee, J. E. Kostka, and J. W. Stucki (2006)
Clays and Clay Minerals 54, 195-208
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MICROBIAL REDUCTION OF Fe(III) IN THE FITHIAN AND MULOORINA ILLITES: CONTRASTING EXTENTS AND RATES OF BIOREDUCTION.

J. L. Seabaugh, H. Dong, R. K. Kukkadapu, D. D. Eberl, J. P. Morton, and J. Kim (2006)
Clays and Clay Minerals 54, 67-79
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THE EFFECT OF MICROBIAL FE(III) REDUCTION ON SMECTITE FLOCCULATION.

J.-w. Kim, Y. Furukawa, H. Dong, and S. W. Newell (2005)
Clays and Clay Minerals 53, 572-579
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Carnivore Coprolites from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina: Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Evidence for Rapid Initial Mineralization.

(2005)
Palaios 20, 51-63

Experimental attachment of sediment particles to invertebrate eggs and the preservation of soft-bodied fossils.

D. Martin, D. Martin, D. E.G. Briggs, and R. J. Parkes (2004)
Journal of the Geological Society 161, 735-738
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