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Originally published in Science Express on 4 December 2003
Science 2 January 2004:
Vol. 303. no. 5654, pp. 83 - 86
DOI: 10.1126/science.1091903
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Reports

MicroRNAs Modulate Hematopoietic Lineage Differentiation

Chang-Zheng Chen,1 Ling Li,1 Harvey F. Lodish,1,2* David P. Bartel1,2*

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of ~22-nucleotide regulatory RNAs found in plants and animals. Some miRNAs of plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila play important gene-regulatory roles during development by pairing to target mRNAs to specify posttranscriptional repression of these messages. We identify three miRNAs that are specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells and show that their expression is dynamically regulated during early hematopoiesis and lineage commitment. One of these miRNAs, miR-181, was preferentially expressed in the B-lymphoid cells of mouse bone marrow, and its ectopic expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells led to an increased fraction of B-lineage cells in both tissue-culture differentiation assays and adult mice. Our results indicate that microRNAs are components of the molecular circuitry that controls mouse hematopoiesis and suggest that other microRNAs have similar regulatory roles during other facets of vertebrate development.

1 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
2 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lodish{at}wi.mit.edu (H.F.L) and dbartel{at}wi.mit.edu (D.P.B.)

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Interleukin-6 dependent survival of multiple myeloma cells involves the Stat3-mediated induction of microRNA-21 through a highly conserved enhancer.
D. Loffler, K. Brocke-Heidrich, G. Pfeifer, C. Stocsits, J. Hackermuller, A. K. Kretzschmar, R. Burger, M. Gramatzki, C. Blumert, K. Bauer, et al. (2007)
Blood 110, 1330-1333
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Role of Dicer and Drosha for Endothelial MicroRNA Expression and Angiogenesis.
A. Kuehbacher, C. Urbich, A. M. Zeiher, and S. Dimmeler (2007)
Circ. Res. 101, 59-68
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Patterns of Known and Novel Small RNAs in Human Cervical Cancer.
W.-O. Lui, N. Pourmand, B. K. Patterson, and A. Fire (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 6031-6043
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MicroRNAs in human cancer: from research to therapy.
M. Negrini, M. Ferracin, S. Sabbioni, and C. M. Croce (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 1833-1840
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Origin and Evolution of Human microRNAs From Transposable Elements.
J. Piriyapongsa, L. Marino-Ramirez, and I. K. Jordan (2007)
Genetics 176, 1323-1337
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Quantitative technologies establish a novel microRNA profile of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
V. Fulci, S. Chiaretti, M. Goldoni, G. Azzalin, N. Carucci, S. Tavolaro, L. Castellano, A. Magrelli, F. Citarella, M. Messina, et al. (2007)
Blood 109, 4944-4951
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