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Originally published in Science Express on 30 October 2003
Science 21 November 2003:
Vol. 302. no. 5649, pp. 1374 - 1377
DOI: 10.1126/science.1090561
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Reports

Quantum Cascade Surface-Emitting Photonic Crystal Laser

Raffaele Colombelli,1,5* Kartik Srinivasan,2 Mariano Troccoli,3 Oskar Painter,2 Claire F. Gmachl,1,6 Donald M. Tennant,1,4 A. Michael Sergent,1 Deborah L. Sivco,1 Alfred Y. Cho,1 Federico Capasso3

We combine photonic and electronic band structure engineering to create a surface-emitting quantum cascade microcavity laser. A high-index contrast two-dimensional photonic crystal is used to form a micro-resonator that simultaneously provides feedback for laser action and diffracts light vertically from the surface of the semiconductor surface. A top metallic contact allows electrical current injection and provides vertical optical confinement through a bound surface plasmon wave. The miniaturization and tailorable emission properties of this design are potentially important for sensing applications, while electrical pumping can allow new studies of photonic crystal and surface plasmon structures in nonlinear and near-field optics.

1 Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.
2 Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
3 Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
4 New Jersey Nanotechnology Consortium, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.
5 Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Bât.220, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
6 Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: colombel{at}ief.u-psud.fr

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