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Zero-Mode Waveguides for Single-Molecule Analysis at High Concentrations
M. J. Levene,1J. Korlach,12S. W. Turner,1*M. Foquet,1H. G. Craighead,1W. W. Webb1
Optical approaches for observing the dynamics of single
molecules have required pico- to nanomolar concentrations of
fluorophorein order to isolate individual molecules. However, many
biologicallyrelevant processes occur at micromolar ligand
concentrations,necessitating a reduction in the conventional
observation volumeby three orders of magnitude. We show that arrays of
zero-modewaveguides consisting of subwavelength holes in a metal film
providea simple and highly parallel means for studying single-moleculedynamics at micromolar concentrations with microsecond temporalresolution. We present observations of DNA polymerase activityas an
example of the effectiveness of zero-mode waveguides forperforming
single-molecule experiments at high concentrations.
1 Applied and Engineering Physics,
2 Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular, and
Cell Biology, Cornell University, Clark Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
*
Present address: Nanofluidics Incorporated, 17 Sheraton Drive,
Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
www2{at}cornell.edu
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Magazine
PERSPECTIVES
Ted A. Laurence and Shimon Weiss (31 January 2003) Science299 (5607), 667.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1081025] |Summary »|Full Text »|PDF »
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