Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 25 October 2002:
Vol. 298. no. 5594, pp. 799 - 804
DOI: 10.1126/science.1075090
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Tong Ihn Lee,1* Nicola J. Rinaldi,12* François Robert,1* Duncan T. Odom,1 Ziv Bar-Joseph,3 Georg K. Gerber,3 Nancy M. Hannett,1 Christopher T. Harbison,12 Craig M. Thompson,1dagger Itamar Simon,1 Julia Zeitlinger,1 Ezra G. Jennings,12 Heather L. Murray,1 D. Benjamin Gordon,1 Bing Ren,1ddagger John J. Wyrick,1§ Jean-Bosco Tagne,1 Thomas L. Volkert,1 Ernest Fraenkel,1 David K. Gifford,3 Richard A. Young12parallel

We have determined how most of the transcriptional regulators encoded in the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae associate with genes across the genome in living cells. Just as maps of metabolic networks describe the potential pathways that may be used by a cell to accomplish metabolic processes, this network of regulator-gene interactions describes potential pathways yeast cells can use to regulate global gene expression programs. We use this information to identify network motifs, the simplest units of network architecture, and demonstrate that an automated process can use motifs to assemble a transcriptional regulatory network structure. Our results reveal that eukaryotic cellular functions are highly connected through networks of transcriptional regulators that regulate other transcriptional regulators.

1 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
2 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
3 MIT Laboratory of Computer Science, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    Present address: Akceli Inc., 1 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

ddagger    Present address: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

§   Present address: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

parallel    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: young{at}wi.mit.edu

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Membrane expansion alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress independently of the unfolded protein response.
S. Schuck, W. A. Prinz, K. S. Thorn, C. Voss, and P. Walter (2009)
J. Cell Biol. 187, 525-536
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Knowledge-based data analysis comes of age.
M. F. Ochs (2009)
Brief Bioinform
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Predicting eukaryotic transcriptional cooperativity by Bayesian network integration of genome-wide data.
Y. Wang, X.-S. Zhang, and Y. Xia (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, 5943-5958
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of a Novel Output Value for Quantitative Assessment in Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation-CpG Island Microarray Analysis.
S. Yamashita, K. Hosoya, K. Gyobu, H. Takeshima, and T. Ushijima (2009)
DNA Res 16, 275-286
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Repression of DNA-binding dependent glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene expression.
K. A. Muzikar, N. G. Nickols, and P. B. Dervan (2009)
PNAS 106, 16598-16603
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coupling Phosphate Homeostasis to Cell Cycle-Specific Transcription: Mitotic Activation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO5 by Mcm1 and Forkhead Proteins.
S. Pondugula, D. W. Neef, W. P. Voth, R. P. Darst, A. Dhasarathy, M. M. Reynolds, S. Takahata, D. J. Stillman, and M. P. Kladde (2009)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 29, 4891-4905
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hyphal Chain Formation in Candida albicans: Cdc28-Hgc1 Phosphorylation of Efg1 Represses Cell Separation Genes.
A. Wang, P. P. Raniga, S. Lane, Y. Lu, and H. Liu (2009)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 29, 4406-4416
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Utilizing gene pair orientations for HMM-based analysis of promoter array ChIP-chip data.
M. Seifert, J. Keilwagen, M. Strickert, and I. Grosse (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 2118-2125
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The NK-2 class homeodomain factor CEH-51 and the T-box factor TBX-35 have overlapping function in C. elegans mesoderm development.
G. Broitman-Maduro, M. Owraghi, W. W. K. Hung, S. Kuntz, P. W. Sternberg, and M. F. Maduro (2009)
Development 136, 2735-2746
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cooperative Regulation of ADE3 Transcription by Gcn4p and Bas1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Y. J. Joo, J.-A. Kim, J. H. Baek, K. M. Seong, K.-D. Han, J. M. Song, J. Y. Choi, and J. Kim (2009)
Eukaryot. Cell 8, 1268-1277
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Integrating Proteomic, Transcriptional, and Interactome Data Reveals Hidden Components of Signaling and Regulatory Networks.
S.-s. C. Huang and E. Fraenkel (2009)
Science Signaling 2, ra40
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dominant Negative Autoregulation Limits Steady-State Repression Levels in Gene Networks.
S. Semsey, S. Krishna, J. Erdossy, P. Horvath, L. Orosz, K. Sneppen, and S. Adhya (2009)
J. Bacteriol. 191, 4487-4491
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Computational methods for discovering gene networks from expression data.
W.-P. Lee and W.-S. Tzou (2009)
Brief Bioinform 10, 408-423
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dissecting transcription regulatory pathways through a new bacterial one-hybrid reporter system.
M. Guo, H. Feng, J. Zhang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Li, C. Gao, H. Chen, Y. Feng, and Z.-G. He (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1301-1308
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
GeneCodis: interpreting gene lists through enrichment analysis and integration of diverse biological information.
R. Nogales-Cadenas, P. Carmona-Saez, M. Vazquez, C. Vicente, X. Yang, F. Tirado, J. M. Carazo, and A. Pascual-Montano (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, W317-W322
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
KELLER: estimating time-varying interactions between genes.
L. Song, M. Kolar, and E. P. Xing (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, i128-i136
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Predicting functionality of protein-DNA interactions by integrating diverse evidence.
D. Ucar, A. Beyer, S. Parthasarathy, and C. T. Workman (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, i137-i144
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Cerebellin 4 Precursor Gene Is a Direct Target of SRY and SOX9 in Mice.
S. T. Bradford, R. Hiramatsu, M. P. Maddugoda, P. Bernard, M.-C. Chaboissier, A. Sinclair, A. Schedl, V. Harley, Y. Kanai, P. Koopman, et al. (2009)
Biol Reprod 80, 1178-1188
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome-wide replication profiles indicate an expansive role for Rpd3L in regulating replication initiation timing or efficiency, and reveal genomic loci of Rpd3 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
S. R.V. Knott, C. J. Viggiani, S. Tavare, and O. M. Aparicio (2009)
Genes & Dev. 23, 1077-1090
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
GeNGe: systematic generation of gene regulatory networks.
H. Hache, C. Wierling, H. Lehrach, and R. Herwig (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 1205-1207
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identifying functional modules using expression profiles and confidence-scored protein interactions.
I. Ulitsky and R. Shamir (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 1158-1164
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Targets of the Monogenic Diabetes Transcription Factors HNF-1{alpha} and HNF-4{alpha} Are Highly Conserved Between Mice and Humans.
S. F. Boj, J. M. Servitja, D. Martin, M. Rios, I. Talianidis, R. Guigo, and J. Ferrer (2009)
Diabetes 58, 1245-1253
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Complex Systems: From Chemistry to Systems Biology Special Feature: Linking high-resolution metabolic flux phenotypes and transcriptional regulation in yeast modulated by the global regulator Gcn4p.
J. F. Moxley, M. C. Jewett, M. R. Antoniewicz, S. G. Villas-Boas, H. Alper, R. T. Wheeler, L. Tong, A. G. Hinnebusch, T. Ideker, J. Nielsen, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 6477-6482
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Model-based redesign of global transcription regulation.
J. Carrera, G. Rodrigo, and A. Jaramillo (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, e38
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Construction and application of a protein and genetic interaction network (yeast interactome).
G. R. Stuart, W. C. Copeland, and M. K. Strand (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, e54
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
M are better than one: an ensemble-based motif finder and its application to regulatory element prediction.
C. Yanover, M. Singh, and E. Zaslavsky (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 868-874
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Postrecruitment Regulation of RNA Polymerase II Directs Rapid Signaling Responses at the Promoters of Estrogen Target Genes.
M. Kininis, G. D. Isaacs, L. J. Core, N. Hah, and W. L. Kraus (2009)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 29, 1123-1133
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of an inter-transcription factor regulatory network in human hepatoma cells by Matrix RNAi.
Y. Tomaru, M. Nakanishi, H. Miura, Y. Kimura, H. Ohkawa, Y. Ohta, Y. Hayashizaki, and M. Suzuki (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, 1049-1060
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A canonical promoter organization of the transcription machinery and its regulators in the Saccharomyces genome.
B. J. Venters and B. F. Pugh (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 360-371
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A network biology approach to aging in yeast.
D. R. Lorenz, C. R. Cantor, and J. J. Collins (2009)
PNAS 106, 1145-1150
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ChIP-on-chip significance analysis reveals large-scale binding and regulation by human transcription factor oncogenes.
A. A. Margolin, T. Palomero, P. Sumazin, A. Califano, A. A. Ferrando, and G. Stolovitzky (2009)
PNAS 106, 244-249
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Optimization of experimental design parameters for high-throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation studies.
R. Ponzielli, P. C. Boutros, S. Katz, A. Stojanova, A. P. Hanley, F. Khosravi, C. Bros, I. Jurisica, and L. Z. Penn (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, e144
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mapping Key Features of Transcriptional Regulatory Circuitry in Embryonic Stem Cells.
M.F. Cole and R.A. Young (2008)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
   Abstract »    PDF »
Analysis of regulatory network topology reveals functionally distinct classes of microRNAs.
X. Yu, J. Lin, D. J. Zack, J. T. Mendell, and J. Qian (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 6494-6503
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High-Quality Binary Protein Interaction Map of the Yeast Interactome Network.
H. Yu, P. Braun, M. A. Yildirim, I. Lemmens, K. Venkatesan, J. Sahalie, T. Hirozane-Kishikawa, F. Gebreab, N. Li, N. Simonis, et al. (2008)
Science 322, 104-110
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Energy-dependent fitness: A quantitative model for the evolution of yeast transcription factor binding sites.
V. Mustonen, J. Kinney, C. G. Callan Jr, and M. Lassig (2008)
PNAS 105, 12376-12381
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systems biology at the Institute for Systems Biology.
L. Hood, L. Rowen, D. J. Galas, and J. D. Aitchison (2008)
Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic 7, 239-248
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Discerning static and causal interactions in genome-wide reverse engineering problems.
M. Zampieri, N. Soranzo, and C. Altafini (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 1510-1515
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Probabilistic Cross-Species Inference of Orthologous Genomic Regions Created by Whole-Genome Duplication in Yeast.
G. C. Conant and K. H. Wolfe (2008)
Genetics 179, 1681-1692
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interspecies variation reveals a conserved repressor of {alpha}-specific genes in Saccharomyces yeasts.
O. A. Zill and J. Rine (2008)
Genes & Dev. 22, 1704-1716
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Accuracy and application of the motif expression decomposition method in dissecting transcriptional regulation.
Z. Zhang and J. Zhang (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 3185-3193
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fast network component analysis (FastNCA) for gene regulatory network reconstruction from microarray data.
C. Chang, Z. Ding, Y. S. Hung, and P. C. W. Fung (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 1349-1358
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Towards patterns tree of gene coexpression in eukaryotic species.
H. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Li, B. Shen, M. Ding, and Z. Shen (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 1367-1373
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A systematic characterization of factors that regulate Drosophila segmentation via a bacterial one-hybrid system.
M. B. Noyes, X. Meng, A. Wakabayashi, S. Sinha, M. H. Brodsky, and S. A. Wolfe (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 2547-2560
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
W-AlignACE: an improved Gibbs sampling algorithm based on more accurate position weight matrices learned from sequence and gene expression/ChIP-chip data.
X. Chen, L. Guo, Z. Fan, and T. Jiang (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 1121-1128
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ChIPCodis: mining complex regulatory systems in yeast by concurrent enrichment analysis of chip-on-chip data.
F. Abascal, P. Carmona-Saez, J.-M. Carazo, and A. Pascual-Montano (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 1208-1209
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome-wide Expression Profiling, In Vivo DNA Binding Analysis, and Probabilistic Motif Prediction Reveal Novel Abf1 Target Genes during Fermentation, Respiration, and Sporulation in Yeast.
U. Schlecht, I. Erb, P. Demougin, N. Robine, V. Borde, E. v. Nimwegen, A. Nicolas, and M. Primig (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 2193-2207
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A review on models and algorithms for motif discovery in protein-protein interaction networks.
G. Ciriello and C. Guerra (2008)
Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene Network Inference via Structural Equation Modeling in Genetical Genomics Experiments.
B. Liu, A. de la Fuente, and I. Hoeschele (2008)
Genetics 178, 1763-1776
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A systems approach to delineate functions of paralogous transcription factors: Role of the Yap family in the DNA damage response.
K. Tan, H. Feizi, C. Luo, S. H. Fan, T. Ravasi, and T. G. Ideker (2008)
PNAS 105, 2934-2939
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Discovering gapped binding sites of yeast transcription factors.
C.-Y. Chen, H.-K. Tsai, C.-M. Hsu, M.-J. May Chen, H.-G. Hung, G. T.-W. Huang, and W.-H. Li (2008)
PNAS 105, 2527-2532
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structural systems identification of genetic regulatory networks.
H. Xiong and Y. Choe (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 553-560
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Model-based deconvolution of genome-wide DNA binding.
D. J. Reiss, M. T. Facciotti, and N. S. Baliga (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 396-403
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Incorporating gene networks into statistical tests for genomic data via a spatially correlated mixture model.
P. Wei and W. Pan (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 404-411
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic distribution and functional analyses of potential G-quadruplex-forming sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
S. G. Hershman, Q. Chen, J. Y. Lee, M. L. Kozak, P. Yue, L.-S. Wang, and F. B. Johnson (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 144-156
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
YEASTRACT-DISCOVERER: new tools to improve the analysis of transcriptional regulatory associations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
P. T. Monteiro, N. D. Mendes, M. C. Teixeira, S. d'Orey, S. Tenreiro, N. P. Mira, H. Pais, A. P. Francisco, A. M. Carvalho, A. B. Lourenco, et al. (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D132-D136
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Membrane-active Compounds Activate the Transcription Factors Pdr1 and Pdr3 Connecting Pleiotropic Drug Resistance and Membrane Lipid Homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
C. Schuller, Y. M. Mamnun, H. Wolfger, N. Rockwell, J. Thorner, and K. Kuchler (2007)
Mol. Biol. Cell 18, 4932-4944
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Context-dependent clustering for dynamic cellular state modeling of microarray gene expression.
S. Yuan and K.-C. Li (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 3039-3047
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inferring transcriptional regulatory networks from high-throughput data.
R.-S. Wang, Y. Wang, X.-S. Zhang, and L. Chen (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 3056-3064
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome-Wide Expression and Location Analyses of the Candida albicans Tac1p Regulon.
T. T. Liu, S. Znaidi, K. S. Barker, L. Xu, R. Homayouni, S. Saidane, J. Morschhauser, A. Nantel, M. Raymond, and P. D. Rogers (2007)
Eukaryot. Cell 6, 2122-2138
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Arabidopsis gene network based on the graphical Gaussian model.
S. Ma, Q. Gong, and H. J. Bohnert (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1614-1625
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Network Inference, Analysis, and Modeling in Systems Biology.
R. Albert (2007)
PLANT CELL 19, 3327-3338
   Full Text »    PDF »
Assembly of Regulatory Factors on rRNA and Ribosomal Protein Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
K. Kasahara, K. Ohtsuki, S. Ki, K. Aoyama, H. Takahashi, T. Kobayashi, K. Shirahige, and T. Kokubo (2007)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 6686-6705
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of eukaryotic promoter regulatory elements using nonhomologous random recombination.
J. B. Doyon and D. R. Liu (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 5851-5860
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
LICORN: learning cooperative regulation networks from gene expression data.
M. Elati, P. Neuvial, M. Bolotin-Fukuhara, E. Barillot, F. Radvanyi, and C. Rouveirol (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 2407-2414
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stb3 Binds to Ribosomal RNA Processing Element Motifs That Control Transcriptional Responses to Growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
D. Liko, M. G. Slattery, and W. Heideman (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 26623-26628
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Estrogen-Regulated Gene Networks in Human Breast Cancer Cells: Involvement of E2F1 in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation.
J. D. Stender, J. Frasor, B. Komm, K. C. N. Chang, W. L. Kraus, and B. S. Katzenellenbogen (2007)
Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 2112-2123
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A novel non-overlapping bi-clustering algorithm for network generation using living cell array data.
E. Yang, P.T. Foteinou, K.R. King, M.L. Yarmush, and I.P. Androulakis (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 2306-2313
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Total ancestry measure: quantifying the similarity in tree-like classification, with genomic applications.
H. Yu, R. Jansen, G. Stolovitzky, and M. Gerstein (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 2163-2173
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Edge-based scoring and searching method for identifying condition-responsive protein protein interaction sub-network.
Z. Guo, Y. Li, X. Gong, C. Yao, W. Ma, D. Wang, Y. Li, J. Zhu, M. Zhang, D. Yang, et al. (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 2121-2128
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of the ADE Genes Requires the Chromatin Remodeling Complexes SAGA and SWI/SNF.
R. N. Koehler, N. Rachfall, and R. J. Rolfes (2007)
Eukaryot. Cell 6, 1474-1485
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression evolution in yeast genes of single-input modules is mainly due to changes in trans-acting factors.
D. Wang, H.-M. Sung, T.-Y. Wang, C.-J. Huang, P. Yang, T. Chang, Y.-C. Wang, D.-L. Tseng, J.-P. Wu, T.-C. Lee, et al. (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1161-1169
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional network governing the angiogenic switch in human pancreatic cancer.
A. Abdollahi, C. Schwager, J. Kleeff, I. Esposito, S. Domhan, P. Peschke, K. Hauser, P. Hahnfeldt, L. Hlatky, J. Debus, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 12890-12895
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chromatin profiling in model organisms.
T. D. Southall and A. H. Brand (2007)
Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biological network mapping and source signal deduction.
M. P. Brynildsen, T.-Y. Wu, S.-S. Jang, and J. C. Liao (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 1783-1791
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MYBS: a comprehensive web server for mining transcription factor binding sites in yeast.
H.-K. Tsai, M.-Y. Chou, C.-H. Shih, G. T.-W. Huang, T.-H. Chang, and W.-H. Li (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, W221-W226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Potential Interface between Ribosomal Protein Production and Pre-rRNA Processing.
D. Rudra, J. Mallick, Y. Zhao, and J. R. Warner (2007)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 4815-4824
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic characterization of perturbation sensitivity.
J. H. Ohn, J. Kim, and J. H. Kim (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, i354-i358
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SPINE: a framework for signaling-regulatory pathway inference from cause-effect experiments.
O. Ourfali, T. Shlomi, T. Ideker, E. Ruppin, and R. Sharan (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, i359-i366
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)