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Originally published in Science Express on 22 August 2002
Science 11 October 2002:
Vol. 298. no. 5592, pp. 381 - 385
DOI: 10.1126/science.1075703
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Research Articles

Specification of Jaw Subdivisions by Dlx Genes

Michael J. Depew,1 Thomas Lufkin,2 John L. R. Rubenstein1*

The success of vertebrates was due in part to the acquisition and modification of jaws. Jaws are principally derived from the branchial arches, embryonic structures that exhibit proximodistal polarity. To investigate the mechanisms that specify the identity of skeletal elements within the arches, we examined mice lacking expression of Dlx5 and Dlx6, linked homeobox genes expressed distally but not proximally within the arches. Dlx5/6-/- mutants exhibit a homeotic transformation of lower jaws to upper jaws. We suggest that nested Dlx expression in the arches patterns their proximodistal axes. Evolutionary acquisition and subsequent refinement of jaws may have been dependent on modification of Dlx expression.

1 Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Departments of Oral Biology and Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA.
2 Brookdale Center for Developmental and Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1020, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jlrr{at}cgl.ucsf.edu

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)