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Science 4 October 2002:
Vol. 298. no. 5591, pp. 182 - 185
DOI: 10.1126/science.1076803
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Reports

Inversions and Gene Order Shuffling in Anopheles gambiae and A. funestus

Igor V. Sharakhov,1dagger Andrew C. Serazin,1dagger Olga G. Grushko,1 Ali Dana,1 Neil Lobo,1 Maureen E. Hillenmeyer,1 Richard Westerman,2 Jeanne Romero-Severson,3 Carlo Costantini,45 N'Fale Sagnon,5 Frank H. Collins,1 Nora J. Besansky1*

In tropical Africa, Anopheles funestus is one of the three most important malaria vectors. We physically mapped 157 A. funestus complementary DNAs (cDNAs) to the polytene chromosomes of this species. Sequences of the cDNAs were mapped in silico to the A. gambiae genome as part of a comparative genomic study of synteny, gene order, and sequence conservation between A. funestus and A. gambiae. These species are in the same subgenus and diverged about as recently as humans and chimpanzees. Despite nearly perfect preservation of synteny, we found substantial shuffling of gene order along corresponding chromosome arms. Since the divergence of these species, at least 70 chromosomal inversions have been fixed, the highest rate of rearrangement of any eukaryote studied to date. The high incidence of paracentric inversions and limited colinearity suggests that locating genes in one anopheline species based on gene order in another may be limited to closely related taxa.

1 Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA.
2 Horticulture Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1159, USA.
3 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165, USA.
4 Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Parassitologia, Università "La Sapienza," 00185 Roma, Italy.
5 Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: besansky.1{at}nd.edu

dagger    These authors contributed equally to this work.

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