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Science 31 May 2002:
Vol. 296. no. 5573, pp. 1661 - 1671
DOI: 10.1126/science.1069193
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Research Articles

A Comparison of Whole-Genome Shotgun-Derived Mouse Chromosome 16 and the Human Genome

Richard J. Mural,1* Mark D. Adams,1 Eugene W. Myers,1 Hamilton O. Smith,1 George L. Gabor Miklos,2 Ron Wides,3 Aaron Halpern,1 Peter W. Li,1 Granger G. Sutton,1 Joe Nadeau,4 Steven L. Salzberg, Robert A. Holt,1 Chinnappa D. Kodira,1 Fu Lu,1 Lin Chen,1 Zuoming Deng,1 Carlos C. Evangelista,1 Weiniu Gan,1 Thomas J. Heiman,1 Jiayin Li,1 Zhenya Li,1 Gennady V. Merkulov,1 Natalia V. Milshina,1 Ashwinikumar K. Naik,1 Rong Qi,1 Bixiong Chris Shue,1 Aihui Wang,1 Jian Wang,1 Xin Wang,1 Xianghe Yan,1 Jane Ye,1 Shibu Yooseph,1 Qi Zhao,1 Liansheng Zheng,1 Shiaoping C. Zhu,1 Kendra Biddick,1 Randall Bolanos,1 Arthur L. Delcher,1 Ian M. Dew,1 Daniel Fasulo,1 Michael J. Flanigan,1 Daniel H. Huson,1 Saul A. Kravitz,1 Jason R. Miller,1 Clark M. Mobarry,1 Knut Reinert,1 Karin A. Remington,1 Qing Zhang,1 Xiangqun H. Zheng,1 Deborah R. Nusskern,1 Zhongwu Lai,1 Yiding Lei,1 Wenyan Zhong,1 Alison Yao,1 Ping Guan,1 Rui-Ru Ji,1 Zhiping Gu,1 Zhen-Yuan Wang,1 Fei Zhong,1 Chunlin Xiao,1 Chia-Chien Chiang,1 Mark Yandell,1 Jennifer R. Wortman,1 Peter G. Amanatides,1 Suzanne L. Hladun,1 Eric C. Pratts,1 Jeffery E. Johnson,1 Kristina L. Dodson,1 Kerry J. Woodford,1 Cheryl A. Evans,1 Barry Gropman,1 Douglas B. Rusch,1 Eli Venter,1 Mei Wang,1 Thomas J. Smith,1 Jarrett T. Houck,1 Donald E. Tompkins,1 Charles Haynes,1 Debbie Jacob,1 Soo H. Chin,1 David R. Allen,1 Carl E. Dahlke,1 Robert Sanders,1 Kelvin Li,1 Xiangjun Liu,1 Alexander A. Levitsky,1 William H. Majoros,1 Quan Chen,1 Ashley C. Xia,1 John R. Lopez,1 Michael T. Donnelly,1 Matthew H. Newman,1 Anna Glodek,1 Cheryl L. Kraft,1 Marc Nodell,1 Feroze Ali,1 Hui-Jin An,1 Danita Baldwin-Pitts,1 Karen Y. Beeson,1 Shuang Cai,1 Mark Carnes,1 Amy Carver,1 Parris M. Caulk,1 Angela Center,1 Yen-Hui Chen,1 Ming-Lai Cheng,1 My D. Coyne,1 Michelle Crowder,1 Steven Danaher,1 Lionel B. Davenport,1 Raymond Desilets,1 Susanne M. Dietz,1 Lisa Doup,1 Patrick Dullaghan,1 Steven Ferriera,1 Carl R. Fosler,1 Harold C. Gire,1 Andres Gluecksmann,1 Jeannine D. Gocayne,1 Jonathan Gray,1 Brit Hart,1 Jason Haynes,1 Jeffery Hoover,1 Tim Howland,1 Chinyere Ibegwam,1 Mena Jalali,1 David Johns,1 Leslie Kline,1 Daniel S. Ma,1 Steven MacCawley,1 Anand Magoon,1 Felecia Mann,1 David May,1 Tina C. McIntosh,1 Somil Mehta,1 Linda Moy,1 Mee C. Moy,1 Brian J. Murphy,1 Sean D. Murphy,1 Keith A. Nelson,1 Zubeda Nuri,1 Kimberly A. Parker,1 Alexandre C. Prudhomme,1 Vinita N. Puri,1 Hina Qureshi,1 John C. Raley,1 Matthew S. Reardon,1 Megan A. Regier,1 Yu-Hui C. Rogers,1 Deanna L. Romblad,1 Jakob Schutz,1 John L. Scott,1 Richard Scott,1 Cynthia D. Sitter,1 Michella Smallwood,1 Arlan C. Sprague,1 Erin Stewart,1 Renee V. Strong,1 Ellen Suh,1 Karena Sylvester,1 Reginald Thomas,1 Ni Ni Tint,1 Christopher Tsonis,1 Gary Wang,1 George Wang,1 Monica S. Williams,1 Sherita M. Williams,1 Sandra M. Windsor,1 Keriellen Wolfe,1 Mitchell M. Wu,1 Jayshree Zaveri,1 Kabir Chaturvedi,1 Andrei E. Gabrielian,1 Zhaoxi Ke,1 Jingtao Sun,1 Gangadharan Subramanian,1 J. Craig Venter1dagger

The high degree of similarity between the mouse and human genomes is demonstrated through analysis of the sequence of mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu 16), which was obtained as part of a whole-genome shotgun assembly of the mouse genome. The mouse genome is about 10% smaller than the human genome, owing to a lower repetitive DNA content. Comparison of the structure and protein-coding potential of Mmu 16 with that of the homologous segments of the human genome identifies regions of conserved synteny with human chromosomes (Hsa) 3, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 22. Gene content and order are highly conserved between Mmu 16 and the syntenic blocks of the human genome. Of the 731 predicted genes on Mmu 16, 509 align with orthologs on the corresponding portions of the human genome, 44 are likely paralogous to these genes, and 164 genes have homologs elsewhere in the human genome; there are 14 genes for which we could find no human counterpart.

1 Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
2 GenetixXpress, 81 Bynya Road, Palm Beach, Sydney, 2108, Australia.
3 Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
4 Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Center for Computational Genomics, Case Western Reserve University, and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: richard.mural{at}celera.com

dagger    Present address: TIGR Center for the Advancement of Genomics, 1901 Research Boulevard, Suite 600, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

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