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Science 2 November 2001:
Vol. 294. no. 5544, pp. 1030 - 1038
DOI: 10.1126/science.1067020
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Review

The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialogue Between Genes and Synapses

Eric R. Kandel*

One of the most remarkable aspects of an animal's behavior is the ability to modify that behavior by learning, an ability that reaches its highest form in human beings. For me, learning and memory have proven to be endlessly fascinating mental processes because they address one of the fundamental features of human activity: our ability to acquire new ideas from experience and to retain these ideas over time in memory. Moreover, unlike other mental processes such as thought, language, and consciousness, learning seemed from the outset to be readily accessible to cellular and molecular analysis. I, therefore, have been curious to know: What changes in the brain when we learn? And, once something is learned, how is that information retained in the brain? I have tried to address these questions through a reductionist approach that would allow me to investigate elementary forms of learning and memory at a cellular molecular level--as specific molecular activities within identified nerve cells.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. E-mail: erk5{at}columbia.edu
*   This essay is adapted from the author's address to the Nobel Foundation, December 2000.

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Isoform specificity of protein kinase Cs in synaptic plasticity.
W. S. Sossin (2007)
Learn. Mem. 14, 236-246
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism With Reduced Hippocampal Volumes in Major Depression.
T. Frodl, C. Schule, G. Schmitt, C. Born, T. Baghai, P. Zill, R. Bottlender, R. Rupprecht, B. Bondy, M. Reiser, et al. (2007)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 64, 410-416
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
One-trial conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea: good and poor performers in long-term memory acquisition.
R. Sugai, S. Azami, H. Shiga, T. Watanabe, H. Sadamoto, S. Kobayashi, D. Hatakeyama, Y. Fujito, K. Lukowiak, and E. Ito (2007)
J. Exp. Biol. 210, 1225-1237
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
5-Hydroxytryptamine Induces a Protein Kinase A/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated and Macromolecular Synthesis-Dependent Late Phase of Long-Term Potentiation in the Amygdala.
Y.-Y. Huang and E. R. Kandel (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 3111-3119
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Network activity-independent coordinated gene expression program for synapse assembly.
L. M. Valor, P. Charlesworth, L. Humphreys, C. N. G. Anderson, and S. G. N. Grant (2007)
PNAS 104, 4658-4663
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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