Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 26 October 2001:
Vol. 294. no. 5543, pp. 846 - 849
DOI: 10.1126/science.1062319
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Reports

Requirement of Borate Cross-Linking of Cell Wall Rhamnogalacturonan II for Arabidopsis Growth

Malcolm A. O'Neill,* Stefan Eberhard, Peter Albersheim, Alan G. Darvill

Turgor-driven plant cell growth depends on wall structure. Two allelic L-fucose-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants (mur1-1 and 1-2) are dwarfed and their rosette leaves do not grow normally. mur1 leaf cell walls contain normal amounts of the cell wall pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), but only half exists as a borate cross-linked dimer. The altered structure of mur1 RG-II reduces the rate of formation and stability of this cross-link. Exogenous aqueous borate rescues the defect. The reduced cross-linking of RG-II in dwarf mur1 plants indicates that plant growth depends on wall pectic polysaccharide organization.

Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mao{at}ccrc.uga.edu

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Membrane-Associated, Boron-Interacting Proteins Isolated by Boronate Affinity Chromatography.
M. A. Wimmer, G. Lochnit, E. Bassil, K. H. Muhling, and H. E. Goldbach (2009)
Plant Cell Physiol. 50, 1292-1304
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Highly Boron Deficiency-Tolerant Plants Generated by Enhanced Expression of NIP5;1, a Boric Acid Channel.
Y. Kato, K. Miwa, J. Takano, M. Wada, and T. Fujiwara (2009)
Plant Cell Physiol. 50, 58-66
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Boron Nutrition of Tobacco BY-2 Cells. V. Oxidative Damage is the Major Cause of Cell Death Induced by Boron Deprivation.
T. Koshiba, M. Kobayashi, and T. Matoh (2009)
Plant Cell Physiol. 50, 26-36
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Glycerophosphoryl Diester Phosphodiesterase-Like Proteins SHV3 and its Homologs Play Important Roles in Cell Wall Organization.
S. Hayashi, T. Ishii, T. Matsunaga, R. Tominaga, T. Kuromori, T. Wada, K. Shinozaki, and T. Hirayama (2008)
Plant Cell Physiol. 49, 1522-1535
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NIP6;1 Is a Boric Acid Channel for Preferential Transport of Boron to Growing Shoot Tissues in Arabidopsis.
M. Tanaka, I. S. Wallace, J. Takano, D. M. Roberts, and T. Fujiwara (2008)
PLANT CELL 20, 2860-2875
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The synthesis of the rhamnogalacturonan II component 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo) is required for pollen tube growth and elongation.
F. Delmas, M. Seveno, J. G. B. Northey, M. Hernould, P. Lerouge, P. McCourt, and C. Chevalier (2008)
J. Exp. Bot. 59, 2639-2647
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Bifunctional Enzyme with L-Fucokinase and GDP-L-fucose Pyrophosphorylase Activities Salvages Free L-Fucose in Arabidopsis.
T. Kotake, S. Hojo, N. Tajima, K. Matsuoka, T. Koyama, and Y. Tsumuraya (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 8125-8135
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cell-Type Specificity of the Expression of Os BOR1, a Rice Efflux Boron Transporter Gene, Is Regulated in Response to Boron Availability for Efficient Boron Uptake and Xylem Loading.
Y. Nakagawa, H. Hanaoka, M. Kobayashi, K. Miyoshi, K. Miwa, and T. Fujiwara (2007)
PLANT CELL 19, 2624-2635
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signaling from an Altered Cell Wall to the Nucleus Mediates Sugar-Responsive Growth and Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Y. Li, C. Smith, F. Corke, L. Zheng, Z. Merali, P. Ryden, P. Derbyshire, K. Waldron, and M. W. Bevan (2007)
PLANT CELL 19, 2500-2515
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Investigation of Boron Toxicity in Barley Using Metabolomics.
U. Roessner, J. H. Patterson, M. G. Forbes, G. B. Fincher, P. Langridge, and A. Bacic (2006)
Plant Physiology 142, 1087-1101
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arabidopsis thaliana RGXT1 and RGXT2 Encode Golgi-Localized (1,3)-{alpha}-D-Xylosyltransferases Involved in the Synthesis of Pectic Rhamnogalacturonan-II.
J. Egelund, B. L. Petersen, M. S. Motawia, I. Damager, A. Faik, C. E. Olsen, T. Ishii, H. Clausen, P. Ulvskov, and N. Geshi (2006)
PLANT CELL 18, 2593-2607
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arabidopsis Root Hair Cell Wall Formation Mutant lrx1 Is Suppressed by Mutations in the RHM1 Gene Encoding a UDP-L-Rhamnose Synthase.
A. Diet, B. Link, G. J. Seifert, B. Schellenberg, U. Wagner, M. Pauly, W.-D. Reiter, and C. Ringli (2006)
PLANT CELL 18, 1630-1641
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arabidopsis thaliana VTC4 Encodes L-Galactose-1-P Phosphatase, a Plant Ascorbic Acid Biosynthetic Enzyme.
P. L. Conklin, S. Gatzek, G. L. Wheeler, J. Dowdle, M. J. Raymond, S. Rolinski, M. Isupov, J. A. Littlechild, and N. Smirnoff (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 15662-15670
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Wall-associated kinase 1 (WAK1) is crosslinked in endomembranes, and transport to the cell surface requires correct cell-wall synthesis.
B. D. Kohorn, M. Kobayashi, S. Johansen, H. P. Friedman, A. Fischer, and N. Byers (2006)
J. Cell Sci. 119, 2282-2290
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arabidopsis Major Intrinsic Protein NIP5;1 Is Essential for Efficient Boron Uptake and Plant Development under Boron Limitation.
J. Takano, M. Wada, U. Ludewig, G. Schaaf, N. von Wiren, and T. Fujiwara (2006)
PLANT CELL 18, 1498-1509
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Depletion of UDP-D-apiose/UDP-D-xylose Synthases Results in Rhamnogalacturonan-II Deficiency, Cell Wall Thickening, and Cell Death in Higher Plants.
J.-W. Ahn, R. Verma, M. Kim, J.-Y. Lee, Y.-K. Kim, J.-W. Bang, W.-D. Reiter, and H.-S. Pai (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 13708-13716
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The reb1-1 Mutation of Arabidopsis. Effect on the Structure and Localization of Galactose-Containing Cell Wall Polysaccharides.
E. Nguema-Ona, C. Andeme-Onzighi, S. Aboughe-Angone, M. Bardor, T. Ishii, P. Lerouge, and A. Driouich (2006)
Plant Physiology 140, 1406-1417
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Isolation, Characterization, and Pericycle-Specific Transcriptome Analyses of the Novel Maize Lateral and Seminal Root Initiation Mutant rum1.
K. Woll, L. A. Borsuk, H. Stransky, D. Nettleton, P. S. Schnable, and F. Hochholdinger (2005)
Plant Physiology 139, 1255-1267
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
UDP-sugar Pyrophosphorylase with Broad Substrate Specificity Toward Various Monosaccharide 1-Phosphates from Pea Sprouts.
T. Kotake, D. Yamaguchi, H. Ohzono, S. Hojo, S. Kaneko, H.-k. Ishida, and Y. Tsumuraya (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 45728-45736
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Use of Phenylboronic Acids to Investigate Boron Function in Plants. Possible Role of Boron in Transvacuolar Cytoplasmic Strands and Cell-to-Wall Adhesion.
E. Bassil, H. Hu, and P. H. Brown (2004)
Plant Physiology 136, 3383-3395
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Targeted Modification of Homogalacturonan by Transgenic Expression of a Fungal Polygalacturonase Alters Plant Growth.
C. Capodicasa, D. Vairo, O. Zabotina, L. McCartney, C. Caprari, B. Mattei, C. Manfredini, B. Aracri, J. Benen, J. P. Knox, et al. (2004)
Plant Physiology 135, 1294-1304
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of Highly Branched Arabinans and Debranching of Rhamnogalacturonan I Accompany Loss of Firm Texture and Cell Separation during Prolonged Storage of Apple.
M. J. Pena and N. C. Carpita (2004)
Plant Physiology 135, 1305-1313
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Biosynthesis of D-Galacturonate in Plants. Functional Cloning and Characterization of a Membrane-Anchored UDP-D-Glucuronate 4-Epimerase from Arabidopsis.
M. Molhoj, R. Verma, and W.-D. Reiter (2004)
Plant Physiology 135, 1221-1230
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Microbial Genomics and the Periodic Table.
L. P. Wackett, A. G. Dodge, and L. B. M. Ellis (2004)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 70, 647-655
   Full Text »    PDF »
Occurrence of the Primary Cell Wall Polysaccharide Rhamnogalacturonan II in Pteridophytes, Lycophytes, and Bryophytes. Implications for the Evolution of Vascular Plants.
T. Matsunaga, T. Ishii, S. Matsumoto, M. Higuchi, A. Darvill, P. Albersheim, and M. A. O'Neill (2004)
Plant Physiology 134, 339-351
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RHM2 Is Involved in Mucilage Pectin Synthesis and Is Required for the Development of the Seed Coat in Arabidopsis.
B. Usadel, A. M. Kuschinsky, M. G. Rosso, N. Eckermann, and M. Pauly (2004)
Plant Physiology 134, 286-295
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity of Plant 3-Deoxy-D-Manno-2-Octulosonic Acid-8-Phosphate Synthase Are Preferentially Associated with Cell Division in a Cell Cycle-Dependent Manner.
F. Delmas, J. Petit, J. Joubes, M. Seveno, T. Paccalet, M. Hernould, P. Lerouge, A. Mouras, and C. Chevalier (2003)
Plant Physiology 133, 348-360
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
If Homogalacturonan Were a Side Chain of Rhamnogalacturonan I. Implications for Cell Wall Architecture.
J.-P. Vincken, H. A. Schols, R. J.F.J. Oomen, M. C. McCann, P. Ulvskov, A. G.J. Voragen, and R. G.F. Visser (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 1781-1789
   Full Text »    PDF »
Catabolism of Arylboronic Acids by Arthrobacter nicotinovorans Strain PBA.
A. C. Negrete-Raymond, B. Weder, and L. P. Wackett (2003)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 69, 4263-4267
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutation or Drug-Dependent Microtubule Disruption Causes Radial Swelling without Altering Parallel Cellulose Microfibril Deposition in Arabidopsis Root Cells.
K. Sugimoto, R. Himmelspach, R. E. Williamson, and G. O. Wasteneys (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 1414-1429
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Analysis of Xyloglucan Fucosylation in Arabidopsis.
R. M. Perrin, Z. Jia, T. A. Wagner, M. A. O'Neill, R. Sarria, W. S. York, N. V. Raikhel, and K. Keegstra (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 768-778
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The GMD1 and GMD2 Genes of Arabidopsis Encode Isoforms of GDP-D-Mannose 4,6-Dehydratase with Cell Type-Specific Expression Patterns.
C. P. Bonin, G. Freshour, M. G. Hahn, G. F. Vanzin, and W.-D. Reiter (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 883-892
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tensile Properties of Arabidopsis Cell Walls Depend on Both a Xyloglucan Cross-Linked Microfibrillar Network and Rhamnogalacturonan II-Borate Complexes.
P. Ryden, K. Sugimoto-Shirasu, A. C. Smith, K. Findlay, W.-D. Reiter, and M. C. McCann (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 1033-1040
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Trace Element Biology: The Knowledge Base and its Application for the Nutrition of Individuals and Populations.
V. R. Young (2003)
J. Nutr. 133, 1581S-1587
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distribution of Fucose-Containing Xyloglucans in Cell Walls of the mur1 Mutant of Arabidopsis.
G. Freshour, C. P. Bonin, W.-D. Reiter, P. Albersheim, A. G. Darvill, and M. G. Hahn (2003)
Plant Physiology 131, 1602-1612
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Biosynthesis of L-Arabinose in Plants: Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Golgi-Localized UDP-D-Xylose 4-Epimerase Encoded by the MUR4 Gene of Arabidopsis.
E. G. Burget, R. Verma, M. Molhoj, and W.-D. Reiter (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 523-531
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plant cell adhesion: A bioassay facilitates discovery of the first pectin biosynthetic gene.
E. M. Lord and J.-C. Mollet (2002)
PNAS 99, 15843-15845
   Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: A pectin glucuronyltransferase gene is essential for intercellular attachment in the plant meristem.
H. Iwai, N. Masaoka, T. Ishii, and S. Satoh (2002)
PNAS 99, 16319-16324
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Germanium Does Not Substitute for Boron in Cross-Linking of Rhamnogalacturonan II in Pumpkin Cell Walls.
T. Ishii, T. Matsunaga, H. Iwai, S. Satoh, and J. Taoshita (2002)
Plant Physiology 130, 1967-1973
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
QUASIMODO1 Encodes a Putative Membrane-Bound Glycosyltransferase Required for Normal Pectin Synthesis and Cell Adhesion in Arabidopsis.
S. Bouton, E. Leboeuf, G. Mouille, M.-T. Leydecker, J. Talbotec, F. Granier, M. Lahaye, H. Hofte, and H.-N. Truong (2002)
PLANT CELL 14, 2577-2590
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
F-Actin-Dependent Endocytosis of Cell Wall Pectins in Meristematic Root Cells. Insights from Brefeldin A-Induced Compartments.
F. Baluska, A. Hlavacka, J. Samaj, K. Palme, D. G. Robinson, T. Matoh, D. W. McCurdy, D. Menzel, and D. Volkmann (2002)
Plant Physiology 130, 422-431
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Short-Term Boron Deprivation Inhibits Endocytosis of Cell Wall Pectins in Meristematic Cells of Maize and Wheat Root Apices.
Q. Yu, A. Hlavacka, T. Matoh, D. Volkmann, D. Menzel, H. E. Goldbach, and F. Baluska (2002)
Plant Physiology 130, 415-421
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The mur2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana lacks fucosylated xyloglucan because of a lesion in fucosyltransferase AtFUT1.
G. F. Vanzin, M. Madson, N. C. Carpita, N. V. Raikhel, K. Keegstra, and W.-D. Reiter (2002)
PNAS
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The mur2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana lacks fucosylated xyloglucan because of a lesion in fucosyltransferase AtFUT1.
G. F. Vanzin, M. Madson, N. C. Carpita, N. V. Raikhel, K. Keegstra, and W.-D. Reiter (2002)
PNAS 99, 3340-3345
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)