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Science 11 May 2001:
Vol. 292. no. 5519, pp. 1175 - 1178
DOI: 10.1126/science.1058043
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Reports

Relapse to Cocaine-Seeking After Hippocampal Theta Burst Stimulation

Stanislav R. Vorel,1* Xinhe Liu,2 Robert J. Hayes,1 Jordan A. Spector,1 Eliot L. Gardner3

Treatment efforts for cocaine addiction are hampered by high relapse rates. To map brain areas underlying relapse, we used electrical brain stimulation and intracranial injection of pharmacological compounds after extinction of cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. Electrical stimulation of the hippocampus containing glutamatergic fibers, but not the medial forebrain bundle containing dopaminergic fibers, elicited cocaine-seeking behavior dependent on glutamate in the ventral tegmental area. This suggests a role for glutamatergic neurotransmission in relapse to cocaine abuse. The medial forebrain bundle electrodes supported intense electrical self-stimulation. These findings suggest a dissociation of neural systems subserving positive reinforcement (self-stimulation) and incentive motivation (relapse).

1 Department of Neuroscience,
2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
3 Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: robvorel{at}hotmail.com

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