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Originally published in Science Express on 5 April 2001
Science 20 April 2001:
Vol. 292. no. 5516, pp. 464 - 468
DOI: 10.1126/science.1059817

Research Articles

HIFalpha Targeted for VHL-Mediated Destruction by Proline Hydroxylation: Implications for O2 Sensing

Mircea Ivan,1 Keiichi Kondo,1 Haifeng Yang,1 William Kim,1 Jennifer Valiando,1 Michael Ohh,1 Adrian Salic,3 John M. Asara,4 William S. Lane,4 William G. Kaelin Jr.12*

HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) is a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to changes in oxygen availability. In the presence of oxygen, HIF is targeted for destruction by an E3 ubiquitin ligase containing the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL). We found that human pVHL binds to a short HIF-derived peptide when a conserved proline residue at the core of this peptide is hydroxylated. Because proline hydroxylation requires molecular oxygen and Fe2+, this protein modification may play a key role in mammalian oxygen sensing.

1 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital,
2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
3 Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
4 Microchemistry and Proteomics Analysis Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: william_kaelin{at}dfci.harvard.edu


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Novel exon 12 mutations in the HIF2A gene associated with erythrocytosis.
M. J. Percy, P. A. Beer, G. Campbell, A. W. Dekker, A. R. Green, D. Oscier, M. G. Rainey, R. van Wijk, M. Wood, T. R. J. Lappin, et al. (2008)
Blood 111, 5400-5402
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Case 17-2008 -- A 63-Year-Old Man with Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma.
M. D. Michaelson, O. Iliopoulos, D. F. McDermott, F. J. McGovern, M. G. Harisinghani, and E. Oliva (2008)
N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 2389-2396
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Regulation of alveolar epithelial function by hypoxia.
G. Zhou, L. A. Dada, and J. I. Sznajder (2008)
Eur. Respir. J. 31, 1107-1113
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Premenstrual Regulation of the Pro-Angiogenic Factor CYR61 in Human Endometrium.
I. Gashaw, S. Stiller, C. Boing, R. Kimmig, and E. Winterhager (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 2261-2269
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Hypoxia-mediated Na-K-ATPase degradation requires von Hippel Lindau protein.
G. Zhou, L. A. Dada, N. S. Chandel, K. Iwai, E. Lecuona, A. Ciechanover, and J. I. Sznajder (2008)
FASEB J 22, 1335-1342
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prolyl Hydroxylase PHD3 Activates Oxygen-dependent Protein Aggregation.
K. Rantanen, J. Pursiheimo, H. Hogel, V. Himanen, E. Metzen, and P. M. Jaakkola (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 2231-2240
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Notch signaling mediates hypoxia-induced tumor cell migration and invasion.
C. Sahlgren, M. V. Gustafsson, S. Jin, L. Poellinger, and U. Lendahl (2008)
PNAS 105, 6392-6397
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HIF-1{alpha} Signaling Upstream of NKX2.5 Is Required for Cardiac Development in Xenopus.
K. Nagao, Y. Taniyama, T. Kietzmann, T. Doi, I. Komuro, and R. Morishita (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 11841-11849
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The von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein and Egl-9-Type Proline Hydroxylases Regulate the Large Subunit of RNA Polymerase II in Response to Oxidative Stress.
O. Mikhaylova, M. L. Ignacak, T. J. Barankiewicz, S. V. Harbaugh, Y. Yi, P. H. Maxwell, M. Schneider, K. Van Geyte, P. Carmeliet, M. P. Revelo, et al. (2008)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 2701-2717
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Evidence for sustained renal hypoxia and transient hypoxia adaptation in experimental rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury.
C. Rosenberger, M. Goldfarb, A. Shina, S. Bachmann, U. Frei, K.-U. Eckardt, T. Schrader, S. Rosen, and S. N. Heyman (2008)
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 23, 1135-1143
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reactive oxygen species stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha protein and stimulate transcriptional activity via AMP-activated protein kinase in DU145 human prostate cancer cells.
S.-N. Jung, W. K. Yang, J. Kim, H. S. Kim, E. J. Kim, H. Yun, H. Park, S. S. Kim, W. Choe, I. Kang, et al. (2008)
Carcinogenesis 29, 713-721
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PHDs overactivation during chronic hypoxia "desensitizes" HIF{alpha} and protects cells from necrosis.
A. Ginouves, K. Ilc, N. Macias, J. Pouyssegur, and E. Berra (2008)
PNAS 105, 4745-4750
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Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral IFN Regulatory Factor 3 Stabilizes Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1{alpha} to Induce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression.
Y. C. Shin, C.-H. Joo, M. U. Gack, H.-R. Lee, and J. U. Jung (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 1751-1759
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of adult erythropoiesis by prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins.
K. Takeda, H. L. Aguila, N. S. Parikh, X. Li, K. Lamothe, L.-J. Duan, H. Takeda, F. S. Lee, and G.-H. Fong (2008)
Blood 111, 3229-3235
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Bortezomib inhibits tumor adaptation to hypoxia by stimulating the FIH-mediated repression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1.
D. H. Shin, Y.-S. Chun, D. S. Lee, L. E. Huang, and J.-W. Park (2008)
Blood 111, 3131-3136
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Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC Inhibits Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastasis Through a Mechanism Involving Regulation of MMPs, Prolyl Hydroxylase, Lysyl Oxidase, nm23, ERK-1, ERK-2, STAT-1, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Metastatic Lung Tissue.
C. Guruvayoorappan and G. Kuttan (2008)
Integr Cancer Ther 7, 42-50
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The HIF/VHL Pathway: From Oxygen Sensing to Innate Immunity.
S. R. Walmsley, N. N. McGovern, M. K. B. Whyte, and E. R. Chilvers (2008)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 38, 251-255
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PTEN regulates p300-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor 1 transcriptional activity through Forkhead transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a).
B. M. Emerling, F. Weinberg, J.-L. Liu, T. W. Mak, and N. S. Chandel (2008)
PNAS 105, 2622-2627
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Kinetic Rationale for Selectivity toward N- and C-terminal Oxygen-dependent Degradation Domain Substrates Mediated by a Loop Region of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylases.
E. Flashman, E. A. L. Bagg, R. Chowdhury, J. Mecinovic, C. Loenarz, M. A. McDonough, K. S. Hewitson, and C. J. Schofield (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 3808-3815
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Regulation of Angiogenic Factors by HDM2 in Renal Cell Carcinoma.
V. A. Carroll and M. Ashcroft (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 545-552
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Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1{alpha} pathway accelerates bone regeneration.
C. Wan, S. R. Gilbert, Y. Wang, X. Cao, X. Shen, G. Ramaswamy, K. A. Jacobsen, Z. S. Alaql, A. W. Eberhardt, L. C. Gerstenfeld, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 686-691
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