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Science 16 February 2001:
Vol. 291. no. 5507, pp. 1284 - 1289
DOI: 10.1126/science.1056154
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Reports

Human DNA Repair Genes

Richard D. Wood,1* Michael Mitchell,2 John Sgouros,2 Tomas Lindahl1

Cellular DNA is subjected to continual attack, both by reactive species inside cells and by environmental agents. Toxic and mutagenic consequences are minimized by distinct pathways of repair, and 130 known human DNA repair genes are described here. Notable features presently include four enzymes that can remove uracil from DNA, seven recombination genes related to RAD51, and many recently discovered DNA polymerases that bypass damage, but only one system to remove the main DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet light. More human DNA repair genes will be found by comparison with model organisms and as common folds in three-dimensional protein structures are determined. Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.

1 Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, UK.
2 Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
*   Present address: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, S867 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

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Specific Recruitment of Human Cohesin to Laser-induced DNA Damage.
J.-S. Kim, T. B. Krasieva, V. LaMorte, A. M. R. Taylor, and K. Yokomori (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 45149-45153
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DNA Damage and Repair in Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration.
W. C. Gordon, D. M. Casey, W. J. Lukiw, and N. G. Bazan (2002)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43, 3511-3521
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The Fanconi anaemia genome stability and tumour suppressor network.
M. Bogliolo, O. Cabre, E. Callen, V. Castillo, A. Creus, R. Marcos, and J. Surralles (2002)
Mutagenesis 17, 529-538
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Polymorphisms of the DNA Repair Gene Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A and Risk of Primary Lung Cancer.
J. Y. Park, S. H. Park, J. E. Choi, S. Y. Lee, H.-S. Jeon, S. I. Cha, C. H. Kim, J.-H. Park, S. Kam, R. W. Park, et al. (2002)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 11, 993-997
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Identification of 127Amino Acid Substitution Variants in Screening 37 DNA Repair Genes in Humans.
H. W. Mohrenweiser, T. Xi, J. Vazquez-Matias, and I. M. Jones (2002)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 11, 1054-1064
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