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Science 19 January 2001:
Vol. 291. no. 5503, pp. 447 - 450
DOI: 10.1126/science.291.5503.447
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Review

Insulators and Boundaries: Versatile Regulatory Elements in the Eukaryotic Genome

Adam C. Bell,* Adam G. West, Gary Felsenfelddagger

Insulators mark the boundaries of chromatin domains by limiting the range of action of enhancers and silencers. Although the properties of insulators have been well studied, their role in vivo has largely been a subject of speculation. Recent results make it possible to ascribe specific and essential functions to the insulators of Drosophila, yeast, and vertebrates. In some cases, insulator activity can be modulated by nearby regulatory elements, bound cofactors, or covalent modification of the DNA. Not simply passive barriers, insulators are active participants in eukaryotic gene regulation.

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA.
*   Present address: Human Genome Sciences, 9410 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gary.felsenfeld{at}nih.gov

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