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Science 10 November 2000:
Vol. 290. no. 5494, pp. 1155 - 1159
DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5494.1155
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Reports

The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective

Ornella Semino,12*dagger Giuseppe Passarino,23 † Peter J. Oefner,4 Alice A. Lin,2 Svetlana Arbuzova,5 Lars E. Beckman,6 Giovanna De Benedictis,3 Paolo Francalacci,7 Anastasia Kouvatsi,8 Svetlana Limborska,9 Mladen Marcikiæ,10 Anna Mika,11 Barbara Mika,12 Dragan Primorac,13 A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti,1 L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza,2 Peter A. Underhill2

A genetic perspective of human history in Europe was derived from 22 binary markers of the nonrecombining Y chromosome (NRY). Ten lineages account for >95% of the 1007 European Y chromosomes studied. Geographic distribution and age estimates of alleles are compatible with two Paleolithic and one Neolithic migratory episode that have contributed to the modern European gene pool. A significant correlation between the NRY haplotype data and principal components based on 95 protein markers was observed, indicating the effectiveness of NRY binary polymorphisms in the characterization of human population composition and history.

1 Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
2 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA.
3 Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Università della Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy.
4 Stanford Genome Technology Center, 855 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
5 International Medico-Genetic Centre, Hospital Nol, 57 Artem Str, 340000 Donetsk, Ukraine.
6 Department of Oncology, Pathology and Medical Genetics, University of Umeå, S-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
7 Dipartimento di Zoologia e Antropologia Biologica, Università di Sassari, Via Regina Margherita, 15, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
8 Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University, 54006 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
9 Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Square, 2, Moscow 123182, Russia.
10 Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Department of Pathology Medical School, J Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
11 Regionalne Centrum Krwiodawstwa i Krwiolecznictwa w Lublinie-Oddzial w, Zamosciu, ul Legionow 10, 22400 Zamosc, Poland.
12 Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Wojwodzki im. Papieza Jona Pawla II w, Zamosciu, ul Legionow 10, 22400 Zamosc, Poland.
13 University Hospital Split, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Clinical and Forensic Genetics, Spinèiæeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: semino{at}ipvgen.univp.it

dagger    These authors contributed equally to this work.

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