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Science 6 October 2000:
Vol. 290. no. 5489, pp. 92 - 97
DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5489.92
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Dynamics of T Lymphocyte Responses: Intermediates, Effectors, and Memory Cells

Antonio Lanzavecchia, Federica Sallusto

The immune response is initiated in organized lymphoid tissues where antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) encounter antigen-specific T cells. DCs function as packets of information that must be decoded by the T cell before an appropriate immune response can be mounted. We discuss how the dynamics of DC-T cell encounter and the mechanism of T cell differentiation make the decoding of this information stochastic rather than determinate. This results in the generation of both terminally differentiated effector cells and intermediates that play distinctive roles in protection, immunoregulation, and immunological memory.

Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
E-mail: lanzavecchia{at}irb.unisi.ch, federica.sallusto{at}irb.unisi.ch

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Effect of Chronic Viral Infection on Epitope Selection, Cytokine Production, and Surface Phenotype of CD8 T Cells and the Role of IFN-{gamma} Receptor in Immune Regulation.
K. Tewari, J. Sacha, X. Gao, and M. Suresh (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 1491-1500
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Basal Chromatin Modification at the IL-4 Gene in Helper T Cells.
J. L. Grogan, Z.-E. Wang, S. Stanley, B. Harmon, G. G. Loots, E. M. Rubin, and R. M. Locksley (2003)
J. Immunol. 171, 6672-6679
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Alternative Open Reading Frame of LAGE-1 Gives Rise to Multiple Promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted Epitopes Recognized by T-helper 1-type Tumor-reactive CD4+ T Cells.
M. Mandic, C. Almunia, S. Vicel, D. Gillet, B. Janjic, K. Coval, B. Maillere, J. M. Kirkwood, and H. M. Zarour (2003)
Cancer Res. 63, 6506-6515
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Efficient Presentation of Known HLA Class II-restricted MAGE-A3 Epitopes by Dendritic Cells Electroporated with Messenger RNA Encoding an Invariant Chain with Genetic Exchange of Class II-associated Invariant Chain Peptide.
A. Bonehill, C. Heirman, S. Tuyaerts, A. Michiels, Y. Zhang, P. van der Bruggen, and K. Thielemans (2003)
Cancer Res. 63, 5587-5594
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Memory T Cells: A Hurdle to Immunologic Tolerance.
F. G. Lakkis and M. H. Sayegh (2003)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14, 2402-2410
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T Cell-Dendritic Cell Interaction in Vivo: Random Encounters Favor Development of Long-Lasting Ties.
O. Acuto (2003)
Sci. STKE 2003, pe28
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Restricted Clonal Expression of IL-2 By Naive T Cells Reflects Differential Dynamic Interactions with Dendritic Cells.
V. Hurez, A. Saparov, A. Tousson, M. J. Fuller, T. Kubo, J. Oliver, B. T. Weaver, and C. T. Weaver (2003)
J. Exp. Med. 198, 123-132
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Renewal of Peripheral CD8+ Memory T Cells During Secondary Viral Infection of Antibody-Sufficient Mice.
L. S. Cauley, T. Cookenham, R. J. Hogan, S. R. Crowe, and D. L. Woodland (2003)
J. Immunol. 170, 5597-5606
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intravital microscopy comparing T lymphocyte trafficking to the spleen and the mesenteric lymph node.
M. H. Grayson, R. S. Hotchkiss, I. E. Karl, M. J. Holtzman, and D. D. Chaplin (2003)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284, H2213-H2226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adenosine affects expression of membrane molecules, cytokine and chemokine release, and the T-cell stimulatory capacity of human dendritic cells.
E. Panther, S. Corinti, M. Idzko, Y. Herouy, M. Napp, A. la Sala, G. Girolomoni, and J. Norgauer (2003)
Blood 101, 3985-3990
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The importance of cell-mediated immunity in the course and severity of autoimmune anti-glomerular basement membrane disease in mice.
H. HOPFER, R. MARON, U. BUTZMANN, U. HELMCHEN, H. L. WEINER, and R. KALLURI (2003)
FASEB J 17, 860-868
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD4+ T Cells Pass Through an Effector Phase During the Process of In Vivo Tolerance Induction.
C.-T. Huang, D. L. Huso, Z. Lu, T. Wang, G. Zhou, E. P. Kennedy, C. G. Drake, D. J. Morgan, L. A. Sherman, A. D. Higgins, et al. (2003)
J. Immunol. 170, 3945-3953
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CC Chemokine Ligand 3 (CCL3) Regulates CD8+-T-Cell Effector Function and Migration following Viral Infection.
M. J. Trifilo, C. C. Bergmann, W. A. Kuziel, and T. E. Lane (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 4004-4014
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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