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Science 8 September 2000:
Vol. 289. no. 5485, pp. 1730 - 1733
DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5485.1730
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Reports

Quantized Phonon Spectrum of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

J. Hone,1* B. Batlogg,2 Z. Benes,3 A. T. Johnson,1dagger J. E. Fischer3

The electronic spectra of carbon nanotubes and other nanoscale systems are quantized because of their small radii. Similar quantization in the phonon spectra has been difficult to observe because of the far smaller energy scale. We probed this regime by measuring the temperature-dependent specific heat of purified single-wall nanotubes. The data show direct evidence of one-dimensional quantized phonon subbands. Above 4 kelvin, they are in excellent agreement with model calculations of individual nanotubes and differ markedly from the specific heat of two-dimensional graphene or three-dimensional graphite. Detailed modeling yields an energy of 4.3 millielectron volts for the lowest quantized phonon subband and a tube-tube (or "lattice") Debye energy of 1.1 millielectron volts, implying a small intertube coupling in bundles.

1 Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6272, USA.
2 Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.
3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6272, USA.
*   Present address: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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