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Science 4 August 2000:
Vol. 289. no. 5480, pp. 768 - 771
DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5480.768
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Reports

Cloning of the Arabidopsis Clock Gene TOC1, an Autoregulatory Response Regulator Homolog

Carl Strayer,12 Tokitaka Oyama,1 Thomas F. Schultz,1 Ramanujam Raman,1 David E. Somers,1* Paloma Más,1 Satchidananda Panda,1 Joel A. Kreps,1 Steve A. Kay1dagger ddagger

The toc1 mutation causes shortened circadian rhythms in light-grown Arabidopsis plants. Here, we report the same toc1 effect in the absence of light input to the clock. We also show that TOC1 controls photoperiodic flowering response through clock function. The TOC1 gene was isolated and found to encode a nuclear protein containing an atypical response regulator receiver domain and two motifs that suggest a role in transcriptional regulation: a basic motif conserved within the CONSTANS family of transcription factors and an acidic domain. TOC1 is itself circadianly regulated and participates in a feedback loop to control its own expression.

1 Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
2 Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
*   Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

dagger    Present address: Novartis Agricultural Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

ddagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stevek{at}scripps.edu

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PLANT CELL 15, 2654-2665
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The Novel MYB Protein EARLY-PHYTOCHROME-RESPONSIVE1 Is a Component of a Slave Circadian Oscillator in Arabidopsis.
N. Kuno, S. G. Moller, T. Shinomura, X. Xu, N.-H. Chua, and M. Furuya (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 2476-2488
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a CONSTANS homologue, PnCOL1, from Pharbitis nil.
S.-J. Kim, J. Moon, I. Lee, J. Maeng, and S.-R. Kim (2003)
J. Exp. Bot. 54, 1879-1887
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Expression Profiling of Cytokinin Action in Arabidopsis.
A. M. Rashotte, S. D.B. Carson, J. P.C. To, and J. J. Kieber (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 1998-2011
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A Link between Circadian-Controlled bHLH Factors and the APRR1/TOC1 Quintet in Arabidopsis thaliana.
T. Yamashino, A. Matsushika, T. Fujimori, S. Sato, T. Kato, S. Tabata, and T. Mizuno (2003)
Plant Cell Physiol. 44, 619-629
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Enhancer Trapping Reveals Widespread Circadian Clock Transcriptional Control in Arabidopsis.
T. P. Michael and C. R. McClung (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 629-639
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The Circadian Clock. A Plant's Best Friend in a Spinning World.
M. E. Eriksson and A. J. Millar (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 732-738
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Biochemical Properties of CikA, an Unusual Phytochrome-like Histidine Protein Kinase That Resets the Circadian Clock in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.
M. Mutsuda, K.-P. Michel, X. Zhang, B. L. Montgomery, and S. S. Golden (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 19102-19110
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Circadian phase-specific degradation of the F-box protein ZTL is mediated by the proteasome.
W.-Y. Kim, R. Geng, and D. E. Somers (2003)
PNAS 100, 4933-4938
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The Evolution of CONSTANS-Like Gene Families in Barley, Rice, and Arabidopsis.
S. Griffiths, R. P. Dunford, G. Coupland, and D. A. Laurie (2003)
Plant Physiology 131, 1855-1867
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Cell Autonomous Circadian Waves of the APRR1/TOC1 Quintet in an Established Cell Line of Arabidopsis thaliana.
N. Nakamichi, A. Matsushika, T. Yamashino, and T. Mizuno (2003)
Plant Cell Physiol. 44, 360-365
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The Arabidopsis SRR1 gene mediates phyB signaling and is required for normal circadian clock function.
D. Staiger, L. Allenbach, N. Salathia, V. Fiechter, S. J. Davis, A. J. Millar, J. Chory, and C. Fankhauser (2003)
Genes & Dev. 17, 256-268
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