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Science 7 July 2000:
Vol. 289. no. 5476, pp. 85 - 88
DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5476.85
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Research Articles

fw2.2: A Quantitative Trait Locus Key to the Evolution of Tomato Fruit Size

Anne Frary, 1* T. Clint Nesbitt, 1* Amy Frary, 1dagger Silvana Grandillo, 1ddagger Esther van der Knaap, 1 Bin Cong, 1 Jiping Liu, 1 Jaroslaw Meller, 2 Ron Elber, 2 Kevin B. Alpert, 1 Steven D. Tanksley 1§

Domestication of many plants has correlated with dramatic increases in fruit size. In tomato, one quantitative trait locus (QTL), fw2.2, was responsible for a large step in this process. When transformed into large-fruited cultivars, a cosmid derived from the fw2.2 region of a small-fruited wild species reduced fruit size by the predicted amount and had the gene action expected for fw2.2. The cause of the QTL effect is a single gene, ORFX, that is expressed early in floral development, controls carpel cell number, and has a sequence suggesting structural similarity to the human oncogene c-H-ras p21. Alterations in fruit size, imparted by fw2.2 alleles, are most likely due to changes in regulation rather than in the sequence and structure of the encoded protein.

1 Department of Plant Breeding and Department of Plant Biology, 252 Emerson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
2 Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

dagger    Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Clapp Laboratory, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA.

ddagger    Present address: Research Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Breeding, IMOF-CNR, Via Universita 133, 80055 Portici, Italy.

§   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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