Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 10 March 2000:
Vol. 287. no. 5459, pp. 1834 - 1837
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5459.1834
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Reports

Correlates of Sleep and Waking in Drosophila melanogaster

Paul J. Shaw, Chiara Cirelli, Ralph J. Greenspan, Giulio Tononi *

Drosophila exhibits a circadian rest-activity cycle, but it is not known whether fly rest constitutes sleep or is mere inactivity. It is shown here that, like mammalian sleep, rest in Drosophila is characterized by an increased arousal threshold and is homeostatically regulated independently of the circadian clock. As in mammals, rest is abundant in young flies, is reduced in older flies, and is modulated by stimulants and hypnotics. Several molecular markers modulated by sleep and waking in mammals are modulated by rest and activity in Drosophila, including cytochrome oxidase C, the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein BiP, and enzymes implicated in the catabolism of monoamines. Flies lacking one such enzyme, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, show increased rest after rest deprivation. These results implicate the catabolism of monoamines in the regulation of sleep and waking in the fly and suggest that Drosophila may serve as a model system for the genetic dissection of sleep.

The Neurosciences Institute, 10640 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tononi{at}nsi.edu

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Drosophila male sex peptide inhibits siesta sleep and promotes locomotor activity in the post-mated female.
R. E. Isaac, C. Li, A. E. Leedale, and A. D. Shirras (2010)
Proc R Soc B 277, 65-70
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sleep deprivation affects extinction but not acquisition memory in honeybees.
S. A. Hussaini, L. Bogusch, T. Landgraf, and R. Menzel (2009)
Learn. Mem. 16, 698-705
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Effects of Caffeine on Sleep in Drosophila Require PKA Activity, But Not the Adenosine Receptor.
M. N. Wu, K. Ho, A. Crocker, Z. Yue, K. Koh, and A. Sehgal (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 11029-11037
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identifying Sleep Regulatory Genes Using a Drosophila Model of Insomnia.
L. Seugnet, Y. Suzuki, M. Thimgan, J. Donlea, S. I. Gimbel, L. Gottschalk, S. P. Duntley, and P. J. Shaw (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 7148-7157
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
pySolo: a complete suite for sleep analysis in Drosophila.
G. F. Gilestro and C. Cirelli (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 1466-1467
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Widespread Changes in Synaptic Markers as a Function of Sleep and Wakefulness in Drosophila.
G. F. Gilestro, G. Tononi, and C. Cirelli (2009)
Science 324, 109-112
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Drosophila Fragile X Mental Retardation Gene Regulates Sleep Need.
D. Bushey, G. Tononi, and C. Cirelli (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 1948-1961
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Can We Develop Genetically Tractable Models to Assess Healthspan (Rather Than Life Span) in Animal Models?.
M. Tatar (2009)
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Mutants Can Adapt to Reduced or Eliminated Vesicular Stores of Dopamine and Serotonin.
A. F. Simon, R. Daniels, R. Romero-Calderon, A. Grygoruk, H.-Y. Chang, R. Najibi, D. Shamouelian, E. Salazar, M. Solomon, L. C. Ackerson, et al. (2009)
Genetics 181, 525-541
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Salubrinal, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, promotes deep slow wave sleep.
M. M. Methippara, T. Bashir, S. Kumar, N. Alam, R. Szymusiak, and D. McGinty (2009)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 296, R178-R184
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Circadian modulation of short-term memory in Drosophila.
L. C. Lyons and G. Roman (2008)
Learn. Mem. 16, 19-27
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila D1 dopamine receptor mediates caffeine-induced arousal.
R. Andretic, Y.-C. Kim, F. S. Jones, K.-A. Han, and R. J. Greenspan (2008)
PNAS 105, 20392-20397
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Feature Article: Light-arousal and circadian photoreception circuits intersect at the large PDF cells of the Drosophila brain.
Y. Shang, L. C. Griffith, and M. Rosbash (2008)
PNAS 105, 19587-19594
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Tribute to Seymour Benzer, 1921-2007.
N. M. Bonini (2008)
Genetics 180, 1265-1273
   Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila ATF-2 Regulates Sleep and Locomotor Activity in Pacemaker Neurons.
H. Shimizu, M. Shimoda, T. Yamaguchi, K.-H. Seong, T. Okamura, and S. Ishii (2008)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 6278-6289
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Octopamine Regulates Sleep in Drosophila through Protein Kinase A-Dependent Mechanisms.
A. Crocker and A. Sehgal (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 9377-9385
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caste-dependent sleep of worker honey bees.
B. A. Klein, K. M. Olzsowy, A. Klein, K. M. Saunders, and T. D. Seeley (2008)
J. Exp. Biol. 211, 3028-3040
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differences in the sleep architecture of forager and young honeybees (Apis mellifera).
A. D. Eban-Rothschild and G. Bloch (2008)
J. Exp. Biol. 211, 2408-2416
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of SLEEPLESS, a Sleep-Promoting Factor.
K. Koh, W. J. Joiner, M. N. Wu, Z. Yue, C. J. Smith, and A. Sehgal (2008)
Science 321, 372-376
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aging Impairs the Unfolded Protein Response to Sleep Deprivation and Leads to Proapoptotic Signaling.
N. Naidoo, M. Ferber, M. Master, Y. Zhu, and A. I. Pack (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 6539-6548
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster.
S. T. Harbison and A. Sehgal (2008)
Genetics 178, 2341-2360
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A and a Dietary Supplement S-Methyl-L-Cysteine Prevent Parkinson's-Like Symptoms.
R. Wassef, R. Haenold, A. Hansel, N. Brot, S. H. Heinemann, and T. Hoshi (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 12808-12816
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Macromolecule biosynthesis: a key function of sleep.
M. Mackiewicz, K. R. Shockley, M. A. Romer, R. J. Galante, J. E. Zimmerman, N. Naidoo, D. A. Baldwin, S. T. Jensen, G. A. Churchill, and A. I. Pack (2007)
Physiol Genomics 31, 441-457
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prolonged deprivation of sleep-like rest raises metabolic rate in the Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz).
R. Stephenson, K. M. Chu, and J. Lee (2007)
J. Exp. Biol. 210, 2540-2547
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drosophila Hyperkinetic Mutants Have Reduced Sleep and Impaired Memory.
D. Bushey, R. Huber, G. Tononi, and C. Cirelli (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 5384-5393
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Analysis of Sleep: Wake Cycles in Drosophila.
A. Sehgal, W. Joiner, A. Crocker, K. Koh, S. Sathyanarayanan, Y. Fang, M. Wu, J. A. Williams, and X. Zheng (2007)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 72, 557-564
   Abstract »    PDF »
Neurohormonal and Neuromodulatory Control of Sleep in Drosophila.
K. Foltenyi, R. Andretic, J. W. Newport, and R. J. Greenspan (2007)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 72, 565-571
   Abstract »    PDF »
Molecular Analysis of Sleep.
M. Tafti and P. Franken (2007)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 72, 573-578
   Abstract »    PDF »
Genomics of Sleep-disordered Breathing.
V. Y. Polotsky and C. P. O'Donnell (2007)
Proceedings of the ATS 4, 121-126
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of a biomarker for sleep drive in flies and humans.
L. Seugnet, J. Boero, L. Gottschalk, S. P. Duntley, and P. J. Shaw (2006)
PNAS 103, 19913-19918
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hypocretin/Orexin Overexpression Induces An Insomnia-Like Phenotype in Zebrafish.
D. A. Prober, J. Rihel, A. A. Onah, R.-J. Sung, and A. F. Schier (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 13400-13410
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple mechanisms limit the duration of wakefulness in Drosophila brain.
J. E. Zimmerman, W. Rizzo, K. R. Shockley, D. M. Raizen, N. Naidoo, M. Mackiewicz, G. A. Churchill, and A. I. Pack (2006)
Physiol Genomics 27, 337-350
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Waking experience affects sleep need in Drosophila..
I. Ganguly-Fitzgerald, J. Donlea, and P. J. Shaw (2006)
Science 313, 1775-1781
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sleep disruption, oxidative stress, and aging: New insights from fruit flies.
C. Cirelli (2006)
PNAS 103, 13901-13902
   Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: A Drosophila model for age-associated changes in sleep:wake cycles.
K. Koh, J. M. Evans, J. C. Hendricks, and A. Sehgal (2006)
PNAS 103, 13843-13847
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Histamine and its receptors modulate temperature-preference behaviors in Drosophila..
S.-T. Hong, S. Bang, D. Paik, J. Kang, S. Hwang, K. Jeon, B. Chun, S. Hyun, Y. Lee, and J. Kim (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 7245-7256
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dopamine Is a Regulator of Arousal in the Fruit Fly.
K. Kume, S. Kume, S. K. Park, J. Hirsh, and F. R. Jackson (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 7377-7384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Slow wave sleep in crayfish.
F. Ramon, J. Hernandez-Falcon, B. Nguyen, and T. H. Bullock (2004)
PNAS 101, 11857-11861
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Locus Ceruleus Control of State-Dependent Gene Expression.
C. Cirelli and G. Tononi (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 5410-5419
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sleep deprivation reduces proliferation of cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rats.
R. guzman-marin, N. Suntsova, D. R Stewart, H. Gong, R. Szymusiak, and D. McGinty (2003)
J. Physiol. 549, 563-571
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic Models in Applied Physiology: Invited Review: Sleeping flies don't lie: the use of Drosophila melanogaster to study sleep and circadian rhythms.
J. C. Hendricks (2003)
J Appl Physiol 94, 1660-1672
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Awakening to the Behavioral Analysis of Sleep in Drosophila.
P. Shaw (2003)
J Biol Rhythms 18, 4-11
   Abstract »    PDF »
Gender Dimorphism in the Role of cycle (BMAL1) in Rest, Rest Regulation, and Longevity in Drosophila melanogaster.
J. C. Hendricks, S. Lu, K. Kume, J. C.-P. Yin, Z. Yang, and A. Sehgal (2003)
J Biol Rhythms 18, 12-25
   Abstract »    PDF »
Brain Glycogen Decreases with Increased Periods of Wakefulness: Implications for Homeostatic Drive to Sleep.
J. Kong, P. N. Shepel, C. P. Holden, M. Mackiewicz, A. I. Pack, and J. D. Geiger (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 5581-5587
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Genomics of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm: Invited Review: How sleep deprivation affects gene expression in the brain: a review of recent findings.
C. Cirelli (2002)
J Appl Physiol 92, 394-400
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Effect of Different Light Regimes on Adult Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster Is Partly Mediated through Reproductive Output.
V. Sheeba, V. K. Sharma, K. Shubha, M. K. Chandrashekaran, and A. Joshi (2000)
J Biol Rhythms 15, 380-392
   Abstract »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)