Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 25 February 2000:
Vol. 287. no. 5457, pp. 1433 - 1438
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5457.1433
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Review

Mammalian Neural Stem Cells

Fred H. Gage

Neural stem cells exist not only in the developing mammalian nervous system but also in the adult nervous system of all mammalian organisms, including humans. Neural stem cells can also be derived from more primitive embryonic stem cells. The location of the adult stem cells and the brain regions to which their progeny migrate in order to differentiate remain unresolved, although the number of viable locations is limited in the adult. The mechanisms that regulate endogenous stem cells are poorly understood. Potential uses of stem cells in repair include transplantation to repair missing cells and the activation of endogenous cells to provide "self-repair." Before the full potential of neural stem cells can be realized, we need to learn what controls their proliferation, as well as the various pathways of differentiation available to their daughter cells.

The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail: gage{at}salk.edu

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Characterization of GD3 ganglioside as a novel biomarker of mouse neural stem cells.
Y. Nakatani, M. Yanagisawa, Y. Suzuki, and R. K Yu (2010)
Glycobiology 20, 78-86
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rescue of radiation-induced cognitive impairment through cranial transplantation of human embryonic stem cells.
M. M. Acharya, L.-A. Christie, M. L. Lan, P. J. Donovan, C. W. Cotman, J. R. Fike, and C. L. Limoli (2009)
PNAS 106, 19150-19155
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adult-Born Hippocampal Dentate Granule Cells Undergoing Maturation Modulate Learning and Memory in the Brain.
W. Deng, M. D. Saxe, I. S. Gallina, and F. H. Gage (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 13532-13542
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Concurrent Vasculogenesis and Neurogenesis From Adult Neural Stem Cells.
M. Ii, H. Nishimura, H. Sekiguchi, N. Kamei, A. Yokoyama, M. Horii, and T. Asahara (2009)
Circ. Res. 105, 860-868
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease (2009).
C. W. Olanow, M. B. Stern, and K. Sethi (2009)
Neurology 72, S1-S136
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Region-specific Differentiation Potential of Adult Rat Spinal Cord Neural Stem/Precursors and Their Plasticity in Response to In Vitro Manipulation.
I. Kulbatski and C. H. Tator (2009)
J. Histochem. Cytochem. 57, 405-423
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of cloned embryos from porcine neural stem cells and amniotic fluid-derived stem cells transfected with enhanced green fluorescence protein gene.
Y.-M. Zheng, H.-Y. Zhao, X.-E Zhao, F.-S. Quan, S. Hua, X.-Y. He, J. Liu, X.-N. He, and H. Lin (2009)
Reproduction 137, 793-801
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
GFAP-Cre-Mediated Activation of Oncogenic K-ras Results in Expansion of the Subventricular Zone and Infiltrating Glioma.
T. W. Abel, C. Clark, B. Bierie, A. Chytil, M. Aakre, A. Gorska, and H. L. Moses (2009)
Mol. Cancer Res. 7, 645-653
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Royal Jelly Facilitates Restoration of the Cognitive Ability in Trimethyltin-Intoxicated Mice.
N. Hattori, S. Ohta, T. Sakamoto, S. Mishima, and S. Furukawa (2009)
Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med.
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
AMP-activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Neural Stem Cell Growth Suppression and Cell Cycle Arrest by 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-{beta}-D-ribofuranoside and Glucose Deprivation by Down-regulating Phospho-retinoblastoma Protein and Cyclin D.
Y. Zang, L.-F. Yu, F.-J. Nan, L.-Y. Feng, and J. Li (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 6175-6184
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A rosette-type, self-renewing human ES cell-derived neural stem cell with potential for in vitro instruction and synaptic integration.
P. Koch, T. Opitz, J. A. Steinbeck, J. Ladewig, and O. Brustle (2009)
PNAS 106, 3225-3230
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bmi-1 cooperates with Foxg1 to maintain neural stem cell self-renewal in the forebrain.
C. A. Fasano, T. N. Phoenix, E. Kokovay, N. Lowry, Y. Elkabetz, J. T. Dimos, I. R. Lemischka, L. Studer, and S. Temple (2009)
Genes & Dev. 23, 561-574
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human ESC-derived Neural Rosettes and Neural Stem Cell Progression.
Y. Elkabetz and L. Studer (2009)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
   Abstract »    PDF »
Somatic Stem Cells in the Endometrium.
I. Cervello and C. Simon (2009)
Reproductive Sciences 16, 200-205
   Abstract »    PDF »
Identification of a transient subpial neurogenic zone in the developing dentate gyrus and its regulation by Cxcl12 and reelin signaling.
G. Li, H. Kataoka, S. R. Coughlin, and S. J. Pleasure (2009)
Development 136, 327-335
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pten and p53 Converge on c-Myc to Control Differentiation, Self-renewal, and Transformation of Normal and Neoplastic Stem Cells in Glioblastoma.
H. Zheng, H. Ying, H. Yan, A.C. Kimmelman, D.J. Hiller, A.-J. Chen, S.R. Perry, G. Tonon, G.C. Chu, Z. Ding, et al. (2009)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
   Abstract »    PDF »
Neuropathogenesis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Disease Mechanisms and Prospects for Intervention.
M. C.-J. Cheeran, J. R. Lokensgard, and M. R. Schleiss (2009)
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 22, 99-126
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Review: Cellular repair strategies in Parkinson's disease.
B. Winner, D. M. Vogt-Weisenhorn, C. D. Lie, I. Blumcke, and J. Winkler (2009)
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 2, 51-60
   Abstract »    PDF »
Interleukin-6 and Neural Stem Cells: More Than Gliogenesis.
O. Islam, X. Gong, S. Rose-John, and K. Heese (2009)
Mol. Biol. Cell 20, 188-199
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cells of adult brain germinal zone have properties akin to hair cells and can be used to replace inner ear sensory cells after damage.
D. Wei, S. Levic, L. Nie, W.-q. Gao, C. Petit, E. G. Jones, and E. N. Yamoah (2008)
PNAS 105, 21000-21005
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Myc increases self-renewal in neural progenitor cells through Miz-1.
L. Kerosuo, K. Piltti, H. Fox, A. Angers-Loustau, V. Hayry, M. Eilers, H. Sariola, and K. Wartiovaara (2008)
J. Cell Sci. 121, 3941-3950
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Antagonism of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Enhances Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells Toward an Area of Brain Infarction * Supplemental Materials and Methods.
A. Kimura, T. Ohmori, Y. Kashiwakura, R. Ohkawa, S. Madoiwa, J. Mimuro, K. Shimazaki, Y. Hoshino, Y. Yatomi, and Y. Sakata (2008)
Stroke 39, 3411-3417
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epigenetic regulation of neural cell differentiation plasticity in the adult mammalian brain.
J. Kohyama, T. Kojima, E. Takatsuka, T. Yamashita, J. Namiki, J. Hsieh, F. H. Gage, M. Namihira, H. Okano, K. Sawamoto, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 18012-18017
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neural and Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Suppressor Mouse Models of Malignant Astrocytoma.
S. A. Llaguno, J. Chen, C.-H. Kwon, and L.F. Parada (2008)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
   Abstract »    PDF »
Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632 promotes survival of cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells.
T. Takehara, T. Teramura, Y. Onodera, R. Kakegawa, N. Fukunaga, M. Takenoshita, N. Sagawa, K. Fukuda, and Y. Hosoi (2008)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 14, 627-634
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of neural progenitor cell state by ephrin-B.
R. Qiu, X. Wang, A. Davy, C. Wu, K. Murai, H. Zhang, J. G. Flanagan, P. Soriano, and Q. Lu (2008)
J. Cell Biol. 181, 973-983
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta} 1 Integrin-mediated Effects of Tenascin-R Domains EGFL and FN6-8 on Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Vitro.
H. Liao, W. Huang, M. Schachner, Y. Guan, J. Guo, J. Yan, J. Qin, X. Bai, and L. Zhang (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 27927-27936
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Integration of Newly Generated Neurons Into Striatum After Cerebral Ischemia in the Adult Rat Brain.
S.-W. Hou, Y.-Q. Wang, M. Xu, D.-H. Shen, J.-J. Wang, F. Huang, Z. Yu, and F.-Y. Sun (2008)
Stroke 39, 2837-2844
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The nuclear receptor tailless is required for neurogenesis in the adult subventricular zone.
H.-K. Liu, T. Belz, D. Bock, A. Takacs, H. Wu, P. Lichter, M. Chai, and G. Schutz (2008)
Genes & Dev. 22, 2473-2478
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ClC3 Is a Critical Regulator of the Cell Cycle in Normal and Malignant Glial Cells.
C. W. Habela, M. L. Olsen, and H. Sontheimer (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 9205-9217
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells through L1CAM Suppresses Glioma Growth.
S. Bao, Q. Wu, Z. Li, S. Sathornsumetee, H. Wang, R. E. McLendon, A. B. Hjelmeland, and J. N. Rich (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 6043-6048
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors containing Q/R-unedited GluR2 direct human neural progenitor cell differentiation to neurons.
N. P. Whitney, H. Peng, N. B. Erdmann, C. Tian, D. T. Monaghan, and J. C. Zheng (2008)
FASEB J 22, 2888-2900
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epigenetic mechanisms regulating fate specification of neural stem cells.
M. Namihira, J. Kohyama, M. Abematsu, and K. Nakashima (2008)
Phil Trans R Soc B 363, 2099-2109
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neural stem cells: involvement in adult neurogenesis and CNS repair.
H. Okano and K. Sawamoto (2008)
Phil Trans R Soc B 363, 2111-2122
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pten Haploinsufficiency Accelerates Formation of High-Grade Astrocytomas.
C.-H. Kwon, D. Zhao, J. Chen, S. Alcantara, Y. Li, D. K. Burns, R. P. Mason, E. Y.-H. P. Lee, H. Wu, and L. F. Parada (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 3286-3294
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bimodal Viral Vectors and In Vivo Imaging Reveal the Fate of Human Neural Stem Cells in Experimental Glioma Model.
K. Shah, S. Hingtgen, R. Kasmieh, J. L. Figueiredo, E. Garcia-Garcia, A. Martinez-Serrano, X. Breakefield, and R. Weissleder (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 4406-4413
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stem cell-based strategies for treating pediatric disorders of myelin.
S. A. Goldman, S. Schanz, and M. S. Windrem (2008)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 17, R76-R83
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcription of Genes Encoding Synaptic Vesicle Proteins in Human Neural Stem Cells: CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY, HISTONE METHYLATION PATTERN, AND THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF REST.
M. Ekici, M. Hohl, F. Schuit, A. Martinez-Serrano, and G. Thiel (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 9257-9268
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Subventricular Zone-Mediated Ependyma Repair in the Adult Mammalian Brain.
J. Luo, B. A. Shook, S. B. Daniels, and J. C. Conover (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 3804-3813
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
AICAR Induces Astroglial Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via Activating the JAK/STAT3 Pathway Independently of AMP-activated Protein Kinase.
Y. Zang, L.-F. Yu, T. Pang, L.-P. Fang, X. Feng, T.-Q. Wen, F.-J. Nan, L.-Y. Feng, and J. Li (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 6201-6208
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA instability in postmitotic neurons.
R. Gonitel, H. Moffitt, K. Sathasivam, B. Woodman, P. J. Detloff, R. L. M. Faull, and G. P. Bates (2008)
PNAS 105, 3467-3472
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of A9 dopaminergic neurons from neural stem cells improves motor function in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.
F. E. O'Keeffe, S. A. Scott, P. Tyers, G. W. O'Keeffe, J. W. Dalley, R. Zufferey, and M. A. Caldwell (2008)
Brain 131, 630-641
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The longest telomeres: a general signature of adult stem cell compartments.
I. Flores, A. Canela, E. Vera, A. Tejera, G. Cotsarelis, and M. A. Blasco (2008)
Genes & Dev. 22, 654-667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SOX2-expressing progenitor cells generate all of the major cell types in the adult mouse pituitary gland.
T. Fauquier, K. Rizzoti, M. Dattani, R. Lovell-Badge, and I. C. A. F. Robinson (2008)
PNAS 105, 2907-2912
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic and functional profiling of human Down syndrome neural progenitors implicates S100B and aquaporin 4 in cell injury.
G. Esposito, J. Imitola, J. Lu, D. De Filippis, C. Scuderi, V. S. Ganesh, R. Folkerth, J. Hecht, S. Shin, T. Iuvone, et al. (2008)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 17, 440-457
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in Neural Stem Cells Exposed to Manganese.
C. Tamm, F. Sabri, and S. Ceccatelli (2008)
Toxicol. Sci. 101, 310-320
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p21Cip1 restricts neuronal proliferation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
R. N. Pechnick, S. Zonis, K. Wawrowsky, J. Pourmorady, and V. Chesnokova (2008)
PNAS 105, 1358-1363
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: CD133+ neural stem cells in the ependyma of mammalian postnatal forebrain.
V. Coskun, H. Wu, B. Blanchi, S. Tsao, K. Kim, J. Zhao, J. C. Biancotti, L. Hutnick, R. C. Krueger Jr., G. Fan, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 1026-1031
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human ES cell-derived neural rosettes reveal a functionally distinct early neural stem cell stage.
Y. Elkabetz, G. Panagiotakos, G. Al Shamy, N. D. Socci, V. Tabar, and L. Studer (2008)
Genes & Dev. 22, 152-165
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brain micro-ecologies: neural stem cell niches in the adult mammalian brain.
P. A Riquelme, E. Drapeau, and F. Doetsch (2008)
Phil Trans R Soc B 363, 123-137
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brain tumour stem cells: the undercurrents of human brain cancer and their relationship to neural stem cells.
P. B Dirks (2008)
Phil Trans R Soc B 363, 139-152
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Instructive role of aPKC{zeta} subcellular localization in the assembly of adherens junctions in neural progenitors.
S. Ghosh, T. Marquardt, J. P. Thaler, N. Carter, S. E. Andrews, S. L. Pfaff, and T. Hunter (2008)
PNAS 105, 335-340
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stem Cell Induced Regeneration of Myocardium.
R. P. Gallegos and R. M. Bolman III (2008)
Card. Surg. Adult 3, 1657-1668
   Full Text »
Notch regulates cell fate and dendrite morphology of newborn neurons in the postnatal dentate gyrus.
J. J. Breunig, J. Silbereis, F. M. Vaccarino, N. Sestan, and P. Rakic (2007)
PNAS 104, 20558-20563
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Induces Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells through Activation of Stably Expressed Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor.
X.-L. Meng, O. M. Rennert, and W.-Y. Chan (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 5865-5873
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo Analysis of Ascl1 Defined Progenitors Reveals Distinct Developmental Dynamics during Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis.
E. J. Kim, C. T. Leung, R. R. Reed, and J. E. Johnson (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 12764-12774
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Polysialic Acid-Directed Migration and Differentiation of Neural Precursors Are Essential for Mouse Brain Development.
K. Angata, V. Huckaby, B. Ranscht, A. Terskikh, J. D. Marth, and M. Fukuda (2007)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 6659-6668
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity induces developmental plasticity in oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
C. A. Lyssiotis, J. Walker, C. Wu, T. Kondo, P. G. Schultz, and X. Wu (2007)
PNAS 104, 14982-14987
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Allorecognition of human neural stem cells by peripheral blood lymphocytes despite low expression of MHC molecules: role of TGF-{beta} in modulating proliferation.
F. Ubiali, S. Nava, V. Nessi, S. Frigerio, E. Parati, P. Bernasconi, R. Mantegazza, and F. Baggi (2007)
Int. Immunol. 19, 1063-1074
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brain Repair by Hematopoietic Growth Factors in a Rat Model of Stroke.
L.-R. Zhao, S. Singhal, W.-M. Duan, J. Mehta, and J. A. Kessler (2007)
Stroke 38, 2584-2591
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reversal of Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.
T. Raivio, J. Falardeau, A. Dwyer, R. Quinton, F. J. Hayes, V. A. Hughes, L. W. Cole, S. H. Pearce, H. Lee, P. Boepple, et al. (2007)
N. Engl. J. Med. 357, 863-873
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brg1 chromatin remodeling factor is involved in cell growth arrest, apoptosis and senescence of rat mesenchymal stem cells.
M. A. Napolitano, M. Cipollaro, A. Cascino, M. A. B. Melone, A. Giordano, and U. Galderisi (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 2904-2911
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Subventricular Zone Stem Cells Are Heterogeneous with Respect to Their Embryonic Origins and Neurogenic Fates in the Adult Olfactory Bulb.
K. M. Young, M. Fogarty, N. Kessaris, and W. D. Richardson (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 8286-8296
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
EGb 761 enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and phosphorylation of CREB in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
F. Tchantchou, Y. Xu, Y. Wu, Y. Christen, and Y. Luo (2007)
FASEB J 21, 2400-2408
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of human neural stem cell differentiation in Alzheimer (APP23) transgenic mice by phenserine.
A. Marutle, M. Ohmitsu, M. Nilbratt, N. H. Greig, A. Nordberg, and K. Sugaya (2007)
PNAS 104, 12506-12511
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mosaic Organization of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Brain.
F. T. Merkle, Z. Mirzadeh, and A. Alvarez-Buylla (2007)
Science 317, 381-384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The expression and functions of glycoconjugates in neural stem cells.
M. Yanagisawa and R. K Yu (2007)
Glycobiology 17, 57R-74R
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plant-Derived Flavanol (-)Epicatechin Enhances Angiogenesis and Retention of Spatial Memory in Mice.
H. van Praag, M. J. Lucero, G. W. Yeo, K. Stecker, N. Heivand, C. Zhao, E. Yip, M. Afanador, H. Schroeter, J. Hammerstone, et al. (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 5869-5878
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epigenetic Modulation of Seizure-Induced Neurogenesis and Cognitive Decline.
S. Jessberger, K. Nakashima, G. D. Clemenson Jr, E. Mejia, E. Mathews, K. Ure, S. Ogawa, C. M. Sinton, F. H. Gage, and J. Hsieh (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 5967-5975
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Wnt Signaling Promotes Regeneration in the Retina of Adult Mammals.
F. Osakada, S. Ooto, T. Akagi, M. Mandai, A. Akaike, and M. Takahashi (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 4210-4219
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Labeling and Transplantation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Injured Mice.
H. E. Rice, E. W. Hsu, H. Sheng, D. A. Evenson, A. J. Freemerman, K. M. Safford, J. M. Provenzale, D. S. Warner, and G. A. Johnson (2007)
Am. J. Roentgenol. 188, 1101-1108
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Experience-Specific Functional Modification of the Dentate Gyrus through Adult Neurogenesis: A Critical Period during an Immature Stage.
A. Tashiro, H. Makino, and F. H. Gage (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 3252-3259
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Oligodendrocytes and Radial Glia Derived From Adult Rat Spinal Cord Progenitors: Morphological and Immunocytochemical Characterization.
I. Kulbatski, A. J. Mothe, A. Keating, Y. Hakamata, E. Kobayashi, and C. H. Tator (2007)
J. Histochem. Cytochem. 55, 209-222
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of Long-Lived Mice During Aging.
L. Y. Sun and A. Bartke (2007)
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62, 117-125
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification, characterization and co-localization of label-retaining cell population in mouse endometrium with typical undifferentiated markers.
I. Cervello, J.A. Martinez-Conejero, J.A. Horcajadas, A. Pellicer, and C. Simon (2007)
Hum. Reprod. 22, 45-51
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Uterine stem cells: What is the evidence?.
C.E. Gargett (2007)
Hum. Reprod. Update 13, 87-101
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Generation of Neuronal Progenitors after Ischemic Injury in the Aged Adult Human Forebrain.
J. Macas, C. Nern, K. H. Plate, and S. Momma (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 13114-13119
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Prokineticins: A NOVEL PAIR OF REGULATORY PEPTIDES.
Q.-Y. Zhou (2006)
Mol. Interv. 6, 330-338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental ability of cloned embryos from neural stem cells..
E. Mizutani, H. Ohta, S. Kishigami, N. Van Thuan, T. Hikichi, S. Wakayama, M. Kosaka, E. Sato, and T. Wakayama (2006)
Reproduction 132, 849-857
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neurocytoma Is a Tumor of Adult Neuronal Progenitor Cells.
F. J. Sim, H. M. Keyoung, J. E. Goldman, D. K. Kim, H.-W. Jung, N. S. Roy, and S. A. Goldman (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 12544-12555
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adult neurogenesis and cellular brain repair with neural progenitors, precursors and stem cells.
U Shivraj Sohur, J. G Emsley, B. D Mitchell, and J. D Macklis (2006)
Phil Trans R Soc B 361, 1477-1497
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Non-cell-autonomous action of STAT3 in maintenance of neural precursor cells in the mouse neocortex.
T. Yoshimatsu, D. Kawaguchi, K. Oishi, K. Takeda, S. Akira, N. Masuyama, and Y. Gotoh (2006)
Development 133, 2553-2563
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vascular endothelial growth factor directly inhibits primitive neural stem cell survival but promotes definitive neural stem cell survival..
T. Wada, J. J. Haigh, M. Ema, S. Hitoshi, R. Chaddah, J. Rossant, A. Nagy, and D. van der Kooy (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 6803-6812
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Subventricular zone-derived neuroblasts migrate and differentiate into mature neurons in the post-stroke adult striatum..
T. Yamashita, M. Ninomiya, P. Hernandez Acosta, J. M. Garcia-Verdugo, T. Sunabori, M. Sakaguchi, K. Adachi, T. Kojima, Y. Hirota, T. Kawase, et al. (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 6627-6636
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene transfer of trophic factors and stem cell grafting as treatments for Parkinson's disease.
B. Dass, C. W. Olanow, and J. H. Kordower (2006)
Neurology 66, S89-S103
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Sox2 Regulatory Region 2 Functions as a Neural Stem Cell-specific Enhancer in the Telencephalon.
S. Miyagi, M. Nishimoto, T. Saito, M. Ninomiya, K. Sawamoto, H. Okano, M. Muramatsu, H. Oguro, A. Iwama, and A. Okuda (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 13374-13381
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NT-3 facilitates hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory by regulating neurogenesis.
K. Shimazu, M. Zhao, K. Sakata, S. Akbarian, B. Bates, R. Jaenisch, and B. Lu (2006)
Learn. Mem. 13, 307-315
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Unique 473HD-Chondroitinsulfate Epitope Is Expressed by Radial Glia and Involved in Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation.
A. von Holst, S. Sirko, and A. Faissner (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 4082-4094
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A neurosphere-derived factor, cystatin C, supports differentiation of ES cells into neural stem cells.
T. Kato, T. Heike, K. Okawa, M. Haruyama, K. Shiraishi, M. Yoshimoto, M. Nagato, M. Shibata, T. Kumada, Y. Yamanaka, et al. (2006)
PNAS 103, 6019-6024
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prion infection of mouse neurospheres.
R. K. Giri, R. Young, R. Pitstick, S. J. DeArmond, S. B. Prusiner, and G. A. Carlson (2006)
PNAS 103, 3875-3880
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Retinoic acid is required early during adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
S. Jacobs, D. C. Lie, K. L. DeCicco, Y. Shi, L. M. DeLuca, F. H. Gage, and R. M. Evans (2006)
PNAS 103, 3902-3907
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Decreased expression of the human stem cell marker, Rex-1 (zfp-42), in renal cell carcinoma.
J. D. Raman, N. P. Mongan, L. Liu, S. K. Tickoo, D. M. Nanus, D. S. Scherr, and L. J. Gudas (2006)
Carcinogenesis 27, 499-507
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)