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Science 25 February 2000:
Vol. 287. no. 5457, pp. 1433 - 1438
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5457.1433

Review

Mammalian Neural Stem Cells

Fred H. Gage

Neural stem cells exist not only in the developing mammalian nervous system but also in the adult nervous system of all mammalian organisms, including humans. Neural stem cells can also be derived from more primitive embryonic stem cells. The location of the adult stem cells and the brain regions to which their progeny migrate in order to differentiate remain unresolved, although the number of viable locations is limited in the adult. The mechanisms that regulate endogenous stem cells are poorly understood. Potential uses of stem cells in repair include transplantation to repair missing cells and the activation of endogenous cells to provide "self-repair." Before the full potential of neural stem cells can be realized, we need to learn what controls their proliferation, as well as the various pathways of differentiation available to their daughter cells.

The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail: gage{at}salk.edu


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A. von Holst, S. Sirko, and A. Faissner (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 4082-4094
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A neurosphere-derived factor, cystatin C, supports differentiation of ES cells into neural stem cells.
T. Kato, T. Heike, K. Okawa, M. Haruyama, K. Shiraishi, M. Yoshimoto, M. Nagato, M. Shibata, T. Kumada, Y. Yamanaka, et al. (2006)
PNAS 103, 6019-6024
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prion infection of mouse neurospheres.
R. K. Giri, R. Young, R. Pitstick, S. J. DeArmond, S. B. Prusiner, and G. A. Carlson (2006)
PNAS 103, 3875-3880
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Retinoic acid is required early during adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
S. Jacobs, D. C. Lie, K. L. DeCicco, Y. Shi, L. M. DeLuca, F. H. Gage, and R. M. Evans (2006)
PNAS 103, 3902-3907
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Decreased expression of the human stem cell marker, Rex-1 (zfp-42), in renal cell carcinoma.
J. D. Raman, N. P. Mongan, L. Liu, S. K. Tickoo, D. M. Nanus, D. S. Scherr, and L. J. Gudas (2006)
Carcinogenesis 27, 499-507
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