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Science 3 December 1999:
Vol. 286. no. 5446, pp. 1968 - 1971
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5446.1968
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Reports

Use of Chemokine Receptors by Poxviruses

Alshad S. Lalani, 12* Jennefer Masters, 1dagger Wei Zeng, 1 John Barrett, 1 Rajeet Pannu, 2 Helen Everett, 2 Christopher W. Arendt, 3 Grant McFadden 1ddagger

Chemokine receptors serve as portals of entry for certain intracellular pathogens, most notably human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Myxoma virus is a member of the poxvirus family that induces a lethal systemic disease in rabbits, but no poxvirus receptor has ever been defined. Rodent fibroblasts (3T3) that cannot be infected with myxoma virus could be made fully permissive for myxoma virus infection by expression of any one of several human chemokine receptors, including CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR4. Conversely, infection of 3T3-CCR5 cells can be inhibited by RANTES, anti-CCR5 polyclonal antibody, or herbimycin A but not by monoclonal antibodies that block HIV-1 infection or by pertussis toxin. These findings suggest that poxviruses, like HIV, are able to use chemokine receptors to infect specific cell subtypes, notably migratory leukocytes, but that their mechanisms of receptor interactions are distinct.

1 The John P. Robarts Research Institute and Department of Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada.
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
3 Skirball Institute, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
*   Present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA.

dagger    Present address: Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada.

ddagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed: mcfadden{at}rri.on.ca

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