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Science 17 September 1999:
Vol. 285. no. 5435, pp. 1896 - 1899
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5435.1896
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Reports
Optical Measurements of Invasive Forces Exerted by Appressoria of a Plant Pathogenic Fungus
Clemens Bechinger,
1
Karl-Friedrich Giebel,
1
Martin Schnell,
1
Paul Leiderer,
1
Holger B. Deising,
3*
Martin Bastmeyer
2*
Many plant pathogenic fungi, such as the cereal pathogen
Colletotrichum graminicola, differentiate highly specialized
infection structures called appressoria, which send a penetration peg
into the underlying plant cell. Appressoria have been shown to generate enormous turgor pressure, but direct evidence for mechanical infection of plants by fungi is lacking. A microscopic method was developed that
uses elastic optical waveguides to visualize and measure forces locally
exerted by single appressoria. By this method, the force exerted by
appressoria of C. graminicola was found to be about 17 micronewtons.
1 Faculty of Physics,
2 Faculty of
Biology, University of Konstanz, Fach M626, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
3 Faculty of Agriculture, Phytopathology and Plant
Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg,
Ludwig-Wucherer-Stra e 2, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
martin.bastmeyer{at}uni-konstanz.de,
deising{at}landw.uni-halle.de
Read the Full Text
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