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Science 15 May 1998:
Vol. 280. no. 5366, pp. 1073 - 1077
DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5366.1073
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Reports

Genetic Evaluation of Suspected Cases of Transient HIV-1 Infection of Infants

Lisa M. Frenkel, * James I. Mullins, Gerald H. Learn, Laura Manns-Arcuino, Belinda L. Herring, Marcia L. Kalish, Richard W. Steketee, Donald M. Thea, Joan E. Nichols, Shan-Lu Liu, Abdallah Harmache, Xi He, David Muthui, Anup Madan, Leroy Hood, Ashley T. Haase, Mary Zupancic, Katherine Staskus, Steven Wolinsky, Paul Krogstad, JiaQi Zhao, Irvin Chen, Richard Koup, David Ho, Bette Korber, Raymond J. Apple, Robert W. Coombs, Savita Pahwa, Norbert J. Roberts Jr.

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on only one or a few occasions in infants born to infected mothers has been interpreted to indicate that infection may be transient rather than persistent. Forty-two cases of suspected transient HIV-1 viremia among 1562 perinatally exposed seroreverting infants and one mother were reanalyzed. HIV-1 env sequences were not found in specimens from 20; in specimens from 6, somatic genetic analysis revealed that specimens were mistakenly attributed to an infant; and in specimens from 17, phylogenetic analysis failed to demonstrate the expected linkage between the infant's and the mother's virus. These findings argue that transient HIV-1 infection, if it exists, will only rarely be satisfactorily documented.

L. M. Frenkel, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
J. I. Mullins, Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
G. H. Learn, B. L. Herring, S.-L. Liu, A. Harmache, X. He, D. Muthui, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
L. Manns-Arcuino, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
R. W. Coombs, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
M. L. Kalish and R. W. Steketee, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
D. M. Thea, Medical and Health Research Association of New York City, New York, NY 10013, USA.
J. E. Nichols, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA, and Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
A. Madan and L. Hood, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
A. T. Haase, M. Zupancic, K. Staskus, Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
S. Wolinsky, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
P. Krogstad, Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
J. Zhao and I. Chen, Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
R. Koup and D. Ho, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
B. Korber, Sante Fe Institute, Sante Fe, NM 87545, USA.
R. J. Apple, Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Alameda, CA 94501, USA.
S. Pahwa, Department of Pediatrics, New York University, North Shore Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
N. J. Roberts Jr., Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA, and Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed at the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way N.E., Box 329500, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. E-mail: lfrenkel{at}u.washington.edu

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