Genes dominated this year's prestigious Albert Lasker medical research awards, announced on 22 September. Honors for basic research go to Mark S. Ptashne of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City for work on the molecular basis of gene regulation, including isolation in 1967 of the "lambda repressor," which turns genes on and off. The "father of medical genetics," Victor A. McKusick of Johns Hopkins University, got a special achievement award for his central role in cooking up the Human Genome Project. Another Hopkins researcher, ophthalmologist Alfred Sommer, dean of the School of Hygiene and Public Health, got the clinical research award for promoting vitamin A to prevent blindness and infections in developing countries.