Virginia Morell
Although increasing numbers of biologists believe that new species can form without being isolated by a geographic barrier, geographic speciation remains a powerful generator of diversity. Sometimes it can take a surprising face, however, as in the Amazon basin. The basin's great rivers have been a major species-maker: By dividing populations in two, they create new groups that follow separate evolutionary paths. But a new study points to another kind of barrier as well: ancient ridges now lying buried and nearly invisible under the cloak of forest.