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Science 2 August 1996:
Vol. 273. no. 5275, pp. 663 - 666
DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5275.663
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Reports

PTH/PTHrP Receptor in Early Development and Indian Hedgehog--Regulated Bone Growth

Beate Lanske, Andrew C. Karaplis, Kaechong Lee, Arne Luz, Andrea Vortkamp, Alison Pirro, Marcel Karperien, Libert H. K. Defize, Chrystal Ho, Richard C. Mulligan, Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra, Harald Jüppner, Gino V. Segre, Henry M. Kronenberg *

The PTH/PTHrP receptor binds to two ligands with distinct functions: the calcium-regulating hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the paracrine factor, PTH-related protein (PTHrP). Each ligand, in turn, is likely to activate more than one receptor. The functions of the PTH/PTHrP receptor were investigated by deletion of the murine gene by homologous recombination. Most PTH/PTHrP receptor (-/-) mutant mice died in mid-gestation, a phenotype not observed in PTHrP (-/-) mice, perhaps because of the effects of maternal PTHrP. Mice that survived exhibited accelerated differentiation of chondrocytes in bone, and their bones, grown in explant culture, were resistant to the effects of PTHrP and Sonic hedgehog. These results suggest that the PTH/PTHrP receptor mediates the effects of Indian Hedgehog and PTHrP on chondrocyte differentiation.

B. Lanske, K. Lee, A. Pirro, A.-B. Abou-Samra, H. Jüppner, G. V. Segre, H. M. Kronenberg, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
A. C. Karaplis, Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis--Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
A. Luz, Institute of Pathology, GSF München, D 85758 Neuherberg, Germany.
A.Vortkamp, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
M. Karperien and L. H. K. Defize, Hubrecht Laboratorium, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
C. Ho, Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
R. C. Mulligan, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89, 3595-3600
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S. Pazzaglia, M. Mancuso, M. Tanori, M. J. Atkinson, P. Merola, S. Rebessi, V. Di Majo, V. Covelli, H. Hahn, and A. Saran (2004)
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Important role for the V-type H+-ATPase and the Golgi apparatus in the recycling of PTH/PTHrP receptor.
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Development 131, 299-309
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Secondary chondrocyte-derived Ihh stimulates proliferation of periosteal cells during chick development.
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E. L. Germain-Lee, J. Groman, J. L. Crane, S. M. Jan de Beur, and M. A. Levine (2003)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 4059-4069
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Type X collagen gene regulation by Runx2 contributes directly to its hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific expression in vivo.
Q. Zheng, G. Zhou, R. Morello, Y. Chen, X. Garcia-Rojas, and B. Lee (2003)
J. Cell Biol. 162, 833-842
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Reduced chondrocyte proliferation and chondrodysplasia in mice lacking the integrin-linked kinase in chondrocytes.
L. Terpstra, J. Prud'homme, A. Arabian, S. Takeda, G. Karsenty, S. Dedhar, and R. St-Arnaud (2003)
J. Cell Biol. 162, 139-148
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A Thyrotoxic Skeletal Phenotype of Advanced Bone Formation in Mice with Resistance to Thyroid Hormone.
P. J. O'Shea, C. B. Harvey, H. Suzuki, M. Kaneshige, K. Kaneshige, S.-Y. Cheng, and G. R. Williams (2003)
Mol. Endocrinol. 17, 1410-1424
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Retinoic Acid Stimulates Chondrocyte Differentiation and Enhances Bone Morphogenetic Protein Effects through Induction of Smad1 and Smad5.
X. Li, E. M. Schwarz, M. J. Zuscik, R. N. Rosier, A. M. Ionescu, J. E. Puzas, H. Drissi, T.-J. Sheu, and R. J. O'Keefe (2003)
Endocrinology 144, 2514-2523
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The Biology of the Growth Plate.
R. T. Ballock and R. J. O'Keefe (2003)
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 85, 715-726
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PTHrP and Indian hedgehog control differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes at multiple steps.
T. Kobayashi, U.-i. Chung, E. Schipani, M. Starbuck, G. Karsenty, T. Katagiri, D. L. Goad, B. Lanske, and H. M. Kronenberg (2003)
Development 129, 2977-2986
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J. Qian, M. C. Colbert, D. Witte, C.-Y. Kuan, E. Gruenstein, H. Osinska, B. Lanske, H. M. Kronenberg, and T. L. Clemens (2003)
Endocrinology 144, 1053-1061
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Wnt5a and Wnt5b exhibit distinct activities in coordinating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
Y. Yang, L. Topol, H. Lee, and J. Wu (2003)
Development 130, 1003-1015
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The transcription factor Sox9 has essential roles in successive steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway and is required for expression of Sox5 and Sox6.
H. Akiyama, M.-C. Chaboissier, J. F. Martin, A. Schedl, and B. de Crombrugghe (2002)
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Anabolic Actions of Parathyroid Hormone during Bone Growth Are Dependent on c-fos.
B. Demiralp, H.-L. Chen, A. J. Koh, E. T. Keller, and L. K. McCauley (2002)
Endocrinology 143, 4038-4047
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Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Type 1/Indian Hedgehog Expression Is Preserved in the Growth Plate of Human Fetuses Affected with Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Type 3 Activating Mutations.
S. Cormier, A.-L. Delezoide, C. Benoist-Lasselin, L. Legeai-Mallet, J. Bonaventure, and C. Silve (2002)
Am. J. Pathol. 161, 1325-1335
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functions of Transforming Growth Factor-beta Family Type I Receptors and Smad Proteins in the Hypertrophic Maturation and Osteoblastic Differentiation of Chondrocytes.
U. Valcourt, J. Gouttenoire, A. Moustakas, D. Herbage, and F. Mallein-Gerin (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 33545-33558
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Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase II Plays a Critical Role in C-Type Natriuretic Peptide-Mediated Endochondral Ossification.
T. Miyazawa, Y. Ogawa, H. Chusho, A. Yasoda, N. Tamura, Y. Komatsu, A. Pfeifer, F. Hofmann, and K. Nakao (2002)
Endocrinology 143, 3604-3610
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The Cyclin D1 and Cyclin A Genes Are Targets of Activated PTH/PTHrP Receptors in Jansen's Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia.
F. Beier and P. LuValle (2002)
Mol. Endocrinol. 16, 2163-2173
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Purification and Characterization of a Receptor for Human Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide.
M. Shimada, X. Chen, T. Cvrk, H. Hilfiker, M. Parfenova, and G. V. Segre (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 31774-31780
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Positional cloning of the gene LIMBIN responsible for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism.
H. Takeda, M. Takami, T. Oguni, T. Tsuji, K. Yoneda, H. Sato, N. Ihara, T. Itoh, S. R. Kata, Y. Mishina, et al. (2002)
PNAS 99, 10549-10554
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Both N- and C-terminal Domains of Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Increase Interleukin-6 by Nuclear Factor-kappa B Activation in Osteoblastic Cells.
C. Guillen, P. Martinez, A. R. de Gortazar, M. E. Martinez, and P. Esbrit (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 28109-28117
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Ihh enhances differentiation of CFK-2 chondrocytic cells and antagonizes PTHrP-mediated activation of PKA.
R. A. Deckelbaum, G. Chan, D. Miao, D. Goltzman, and A. C. Karaplis (2002)
J. Cell Sci. 115, 3015-3025
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Temporal and Spatial Expression of a Novel Zinc Finger Transcription Factor, AJ18, in Developing Murine Skeletal Tissues.
A. Jheon, J. Chen, W. Teo, B. Ganss, J. Sodek, and S. Cheifetz (2002)
J. Histochem. Cytochem. 50, 973-982
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
FGF signaling pathways in endochondral and intramembranous bone development and human genetic disease.
D. M. Ornitz and P. J. Marie (2002)
Genes & Dev. 16, 1446-1465
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New Signaling Pathway for Parathyroid Hormone and Cyclic AMP Action on Extracellular-regulated Kinase and Cell Proliferation in Bone Cells. CHECKPOINT OF MODULATION BY CYCLIC AMP.
T. Fujita, T. Meguro, R. Fukuyama, H. Nakamuta, and M. Koida (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 22191-22200
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Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Exert Both Pro- and Anti-apoptotic Effects in Mesenchymal Cells.
H.-L. Chen, B. Demiralp, A. Schneider, A. J. Koh, C. Silve, C.-Y. Wang, and L. K. McCauley (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 19374-19381
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Association between AAAG Repeat Polymorphism in the P3 Promoter of the Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Peptide Receptor Gene and Adult Height, Urinary Pyridinoline Excretion, and Promoter Activity.
M. Minagawa, T. Yasuda, T. Watanabe, K. Minamitani, Y. Takahashi, D. Goltzman, J. H. White, G. N. Hendy, and Y. Kohno (2002)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 1791-1796
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Extracellular Ca2+-Sensing Receptors Modulate Matrix Production and Mineralization in Chondrogenic RCJ3.1C5.18 Cells.
W. Chang, C. Tu, S. Pratt, T.-H. Chen, and D. Shoback (2002)
Endocrinology 143, 1467-1474
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Coordination of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis by fibroblast growth factor 18.
Z. Liu, J. Xu, J. S. Colvin, and D. M. Ornitz (2002)
Genes & Dev. 16, 859-869
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FGF18 is required for normal cell proliferation and differentiation during osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.
N. Ohbayashi, M. Shibayama, Y. Kurotaki, M. Imanishi, T. Fujimori, N. Itoh, and S. Takada (2002)
Genes & Dev. 16, 870-879
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Type 1 Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Expression Level Modulates Renal Tone and Plasma Renin Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.
T. Massfelder, N. Taesch, S. Fritsch, A. Eichinger, M. Barthelmebs, A. F. Stewart, and J.-J. Helwig (2002)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13, 639-648
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Genetic manipulation of hedgehog signaling in the endochondral skeleton reveals a direct role in the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation.
F. Long, X. M. Zhang, S. Karp, Y. Yang, and A. P. McMahon (2001)
Development 128, 5099-5108
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Minireview: The OPG/RANKL/RANK System.
S. Khosla (2001)
Endocrinology 142, 5050-5055
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Editorial: Prenatal Lethality in PTH Type I Receptor Null Mice--Interrogating the Usual Suspects.
T. L. Clemens, J. Qian, and M. C. Colbert (2001)
Endocrinology 142, 5056-5058
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Partial Rescue of PTH/PTHrP Receptor Knockout Mice by Targeted Expression of the Jansen Transgene.
D. W. Soegiarto, S. Kiachopoulos, E. Schipani, H. Juppner, R. G. Erben, and B. Lanske (2001)
Endocrinology 142, 5303-5310
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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