Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 3 May 1996:
Vol. 272. no. 5262, pp. 738 - 741
DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5262.738
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Reports

Requirement for BMP Signaling in Interdigital Apoptosis and Scale Formation

Hongyan Zou and Lee Niswander *

Interdigital cell death leads to regression of soft tissue between embryonic digits in many vertebrates. Although the signals that regulate interdigital apoptosis are not known, BMPs--signaling molecules of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily--are expressed interdigitally. A dominant negative type I BMP receptor (dnBMPR-IB) was used here to block BMP signaling. Expression of dnBMPR in chicken embryonic hind limbs greatly reduced interdigital apoptosis and resulted in webbed feet. In addition, scales were transformed into feathers. The similarity of the webbing to webbed duck feet led to studies that indicate that BMPs are not expressed in the duck interdigit. These results indicate BMP signaling actively mediates cell death in the embryonic limb.

Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA, and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, 445 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: L-niswander{at}ski.mskcc.org


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Progressive interdigital cell death: regulation by the antagonistic interaction between fibroblast growth factor 8 and retinoic acid.
R. Hernandez-Martinez, S. Castro-Obregon, and L. Covarrubias (2009)
Development 136, 3669-3678
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of connexin43-mediated gap junctional coupling in the mesenchyme of limb buds leads to altered expression of morphogens in mice.
R. Dobrowolski, G. Hertig, H. Lechner, P. Worsdorfer, V. Wulf, N. Dicke, D. Eckert, R. Bauer, H. Schorle, and K. Willecke (2009)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 18, 2899-2911
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BMP2 and BMP7 play antagonistic roles in feather induction.
F. Michon, L. Forest, E. Collomb, J. Demongeot, and D. Dhouailly (2008)
Development 135, 2797-2805
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of skeletogenic differentiation in cranial dermal bone.
A. Abzhanov, S. J. Rodda, A. P. McMahon, and C. J. Tabin (2007)
Development 134, 3133-3144
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BMP signals control limb bud interdigital programmed cell death by regulating FGF signaling.
S. Pajni-Underwood, C. P. Wilson, C. Elder, Y. Mishina, and M. Lewandoski (2007)
Development 134, 2359-2368
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BMP4 Promotes Formation of Primitive Vascular Networks in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Embryoid Bodies.
N. L. Boyd, S. K. Dhara, R. Rekaya, E. A. Godbey, K. Hasneen, R. R. Rao, F. D. West III, B. A. Gerwe, and S. L. Stice (2007)
Experimental Biology and Medicine 232, 833-843
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Cavernous Nerve Injury-Induced Apoptosis by Sonic Hedgehog.
C. A. Podlasek, C. L. Meroz, Y. Tang, K. E. McKenna, and K. T. McVary (2007)
Biol Reprod 76, 19-28
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hedgehog Morphogen in Cardiovascular Disease.
M. F. Bijlsma, M. P. Peppelenbosch, and C. A. Spek (2006)
Circulation 114, 1985-1991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interdigital webbing retention in bat wings illustrates genetic changes underlying amniote limb diversification.
S. D. Weatherbee, R. R. Behringer, J. J. Rasweiler IV, and L. A. Niswander (2006)
PNAS 103, 15103-15107
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Polymorphism in a Conserved Posttranscriptional Regulatory Motif Alters Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) RNA:Protein Interactions.
D. T. Fritz, S. Jiang, J. Xu, and M. B. Rogers (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 1574-1586
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increasing Fgf4 expression in the mouse limb bud causes polysyndactyly and rescues the skeletal defects that result from loss of Fgf8 function.
P. Lu, G. Minowada, and G. R. Martin (2006)
Development 133, 33-42
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Group 13 HOX proteins interact with the MH2 domain of R-Smads and modulate Smad transcriptional activation functions independent of HOX DNA-binding capability.
T. M. Williams, M. E. Williams, J. H. Heaton, T. D. Gelehrter, and J. W. Innis (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 4475-4484
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of Msx1; Msx2 double mutants reveals multiple roles for Msx genes in limb development.
Y. Lallemand, M.-A. Nicola, C. Ramos, A. Bach, C. S. Cloment, and B. Robert (2005)
Development 132, 3003-3014
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Conservation of Bmp2 Post-transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms.
D. T. Fritz, D. Liu, J. Xu, S. Jiang, and M. B. Rogers (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 48950-48958
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HOXA13 regulates the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 to control distal limb morphogenesis.
W. M. Knosp, V. Scott, H. P. Bachinger, and H. S. Stadler (2004)
Development 131, 4581-4592
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Evolutionary and Molecular Analysis of Bmp2 Expression.
K. L. Abrams, J. Xu, C. Nativelle-Serpentini, S. Dabirshahsahebi, and M. B. Rogers (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 15916-15928
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor IB Signaling Mediates Apoptosis Independently of Differentiation in Osteoblastic Cells.
E. Hay, J. Lemonnier, O. Fromigue, H. Guenou, and P. J. Marie (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 1650-1658
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of outgrowth and apoptosis for the terminal appendage: external genitalia: development by concerted actions of BMP signaling.
K. Suzuki, D. Bachiller, Y. P. Chen, M. Kamikawa, H. Ogi, R. Haraguchi, Y. Ogino, Y. Minami, Y. Mishina, K. Ahn, et al. (2003)
Development 130, 6209-6220
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B cause brachydactyly type A2.
K. Lehmann, P. Seemann, S. Stricker, M. Sammar, B. Meyer, K. Suring, F. Majewski, S. Tinschert, K.-H. Grzeschik, D. Muller, et al. (2003)
PNAS 100, 12277-12282
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dissimilar regulation of cell differentiation in mesencephalic (cranial) and sacral (trunk) neural crest cells in vitro.
A. Abzhanov, E. Tzahor, A. B. Lassar, and C. J. Tabin (2003)
Development 130, 4567-4579
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Wnt Regulation of Progenitor Maturation in the Cortex Depends on Shh or Fibroblast Growth Factor 2.
J. Viti, A. Gulacsi, and L. Lillien (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 5919-5927
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Mediates Apoptosis of Capillary Endothelial Cells during Rat Pupillary Membrane Regression.
M. Kiyono and M. Shibuya (2003)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 4627-4636
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lens Epithelium-derived Growth Factor Relieves Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1-induced Transcription Repression of Heat Shock Proteins in Human Lens Epithelial Cells.
P. Sharma, N. Fatma, E. Kubo, T. Shinohara, L. T. Chylack Jr., and D. P. Singh (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 20037-20046
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular mechanisms underlying limb anomalies associated with cholesterol deficiency during gestation: implications of Hedgehog signaling.
F. Gofflot, C. Hars, F. Illien, F. Chevy, C. Wolf, J. J. Picard, and C. Roux (2003)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 1187-1198
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CLAVATA1 Dominant-Negative Alleles Reveal Functional Overlap between Multiple Receptor Kinases That Regulate Meristem and Organ Development.
A. Dievart, M. Dalal, F. E. Tax, A. D. Lacey, A. Huttly, J. Li, and S. E. Clark (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 1198-1211
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Their Antagonists, and the Skeleton.
E. Canalis, A. N. Economides, and E. Gazzerro (2003)
Endocr. Rev. 24, 218-235
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BMP2 is a positive regulator of Nodal signaling during left-right axis formation in the chicken embryo.
T. Schlange, H.-H. Arnold, and T. Brand (2003)
Development 129, 3421-3429
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The BMP/BMPR/Smad pathway directs expression of the erythroid-specific EKLF and GATA1 transcription factors during embryoid body differentiation in serum-free media.
C. A. Adelman, S. Chattopadhyay, and J. J. Bieker (2003)
Development 129, 539-549
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Up-regulated Smad5 Mediates Apoptosis of Gastric Epithelial Cells Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection.
T. Nagasako, T. Sugiyama, T. Mizushima, Y. Miura, M. Kato, and M. Asaka (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 4821-4825
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spatio-temporal activation of caspase revealed by indicator that is insensitive to environmental effects.
K. Takemoto, T. Nagai, A. Miyawaki, and M. Miura (2003)
J. Cell Biol. 160, 235-243
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The transcription factor Sox9 has essential roles in successive steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway and is required for expression of Sox5 and Sox6.
H. Akiyama, M.-C. Chaboissier, J. F. Martin, A. Schedl, and B. de Crombrugghe (2002)
Genes & Dev. 16, 2813-2828
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bmp signaling is required for development of primary lens fiber cells.
S. C. Faber, M. L. Robinson, H. P. Makarenkova, and R. A. Lang (2002)
Development 129, 3727-3737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor signaling is necessary for normal murine postnatal bone formation.
M. Zhao, S. E. Harris, D. Horn, Z. Geng, R. Nishimura, G. R. Mundy, and Di Chen (2002)
J. Cell Biol. 157, 1049-1060
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BMP controls proximodistal outgrowth, via induction of the apical ectodermal ridge, and dorsoventral patterning in the vertebrate limb.
S. Pizette, C. Abate-Shen, and L. Niswander (2001)
Development 128, 4463-4474
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Suppression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-mediated Apoptosis by Nuclear Factor kappa B-independent Bone Morphogenetic Protein/Smad Signaling.
S. Chen, D. C. Guttridge, E. Tang, S. Shi, K.-l. Guan, and C.-Y. Wang (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 39259-39263
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T Cell Death and Transforming Growth Factor {beta}1.
P. Golstein and A. H. Wyllie (2001)
J. Exp. Med. 194, f19-f22
   Full Text »    PDF »
Role of FGFs in the control of programmed cell death during limb development.
J. A. Montero, Y. Ganan, D. Macias, J. Rodriguez-Leon, J. J. Sanz-Ezquerro, R. Merino, J. Chimal-Monroy, M. A. Nieto, and J. M. Hurle (2001)
Development 128, 2075-2084
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BMP4 Mediates Apoptotic Cell Death in the Developing Chick Eye.
F. Trousse, P. Esteve, and P. Bovolenta (2001)
J. Neurosci. 21, 1292-1301
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Localization in Developing Human and Rat Growth Plate, Metaphysis, Epiphysis, and Articular Cartilage.
H. C. Anderson, P. T. Hodges, X. M. Aguilera, L. Missana, and P. E. Moylan (2000)
J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48, 1493-1502
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Changes in Endoplasmic Reticulum Luminal Environment Affect Cell Sensitivity to Apoptosis.
K. Nakamura, E. Bossy-Wetzel, K. Burns, M. P. Fadel, M. Lozyk, I. S. Goping, M. Opas, R. C. Bleackley, D. R. Green, and M. Michalak (2000)
J. Cell Biol. 150, 731-740
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Symposium on Evolutionary Origin of Feathers: Panel Discussion.
P. F. A. Maderson, D. G. Homberger, L. Alibardi, W. J. Bock, A. H. Brush, P. Currie, P. G. Davis, P. Dodson, J. O. Farlow, N. Geist, et al. (2000)
Integr. Comp. Biol. 40, 695-706
   Full Text »    PDF »
Interdigital Regulation of Digit Identity and Homeotic Transformation by Modulated BMP Signaling.
R. D. Dahn and J. F. Fallon (2000)
Science 289, 438-441
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Fate and function of the ventral ectodermal ridge during mouse tail development.
D. C. Goldman, G. R. Martin, and P. P. Tam (2000)
Development 127, 2113-2123
   Abstract »    PDF »
Contribution of Apoptosis and Apoptosis-Related Proteins to the Malformation of the Primitive Intrahepatic Biliary System in Meckel Syndrome.
C. Sergi, P. Kahl, and H. F. Otto (2000)
Am. J. Pathol. 156, 1589-1598
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Complexes on the Surface of Live Cells: A New Oligomerization Mode for Serine/Threonine Kinase Receptors.
L. Gilboa, A. Nohe, T. Geissendörfer, W. Sebald, Y. I. Henis, and P. Knaus (2000)
Mol. Biol. Cell 11, 1023-1035
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins-2 and -4: Negative Growth Regulators in Adult Retinal Pigmented Epithelium.
J. R. Mathura Jr, N. Jafari, J. T. Chang, S. F. Hackett, K. J. Wahlin, N. G. Della, N. Okamoto, D. J. Zack, and P. A. Campochiaro (2000)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41, 592-600
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Targeted Disruption in Murine Cells Reveals Variable Requirement for Smad4 in Transforming Growth Factor beta -related Signaling.
C. Sirard, S. Kim, C. Mirtsos, P. Tadich, P. A. Hoodless, A. Itie, R. Maxson, J. L. Wrana, and T. W. Mak (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 2063-2070
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mesenchymal cells engulf and clear apoptotic footplate cells in macrophageless PU.1 null mouse embryos.
W Wood, M Turmaine, R Weber, V Camp, R. Maki, S. McKercher, and P Martin (2000)
Development 127, 5245-5252
   Abstract »    PDF »
The WNT antagonist cSFRP2 modulates programmed cell death in the developing hindbrain.
D. Ellies, V Church, P Francis-West, and A Lumsden (2000)
Development 127, 5285-5295
   Abstract »    PDF »
Opposing effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on neuron production and survival in the olfactory receptor neuron lineage.
J Shou, R. Murray, P. Rim, and A. Calof (2000)
Development 127, 5403-5413
   Abstract »    PDF »
BMP and FGF regulate the development of EGF-responsive neural progenitor cells.
L Lillien and H Raphael (2000)
Development 127, 4993-5005
   Abstract »    PDF »
Roles of BMP signaling and Nkx2.5 in patterning at the chick midgut-foregut boundary.
D. Smith, C Nielsen, C. Tabin, and D. Roberts (2000)
Development 127, 3671-3681
   Abstract »    PDF »
Hedgehog signals regulate multiple aspects of gastrointestinal development.
M Ramalho-Santos, D. Melton, and A. McMahon (2000)
Development 127, 2763-2772
   Abstract »    PDF »
BMP signaling is essential for development of skeletogenic and neurogenic cranial neural crest.
B Kanzler, R. Foreman, P. Labosky, and M Mallo (2000)
Development 127, 1095-1104
   Abstract »    PDF »
Combinatorial signaling through BMP receptor IB and GDF5: shaping of the distal mouse limb and the genetics of distal limb diversity.
S. Baur, J. Mai, and S. Dymecki (2000)
Development 127, 605-619
   Abstract »    PDF »
The type I BMP receptor BMPRIB is required for chondrogenesis in the mouse limb.
S. Yi, A Daluiski, R Pederson, V Rosen, and K. Lyons (2000)
Development 127, 621-630
   Abstract »    PDF »
Addition of the BMP4 antagonist, noggin, disrupts avian inner ear development.
L. Gerlach, M. Hutson, J. Germiller, D Nguyen-Luu, J. Victor, and K. Barald (2000)
Development 127, 45-54
   Abstract »    PDF »
1,2,3 = 2,3,4: Accommodating the cladogram.
A. Feduccia (1999)
PNAS 96, 4740-4742
   Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Genetics of Tooth Morphogenesis and Patterning: The Right Shape in the Right Place.
A.S. Tucker and P.T. Sharpe (1999)
Journal of Dental Research 78, 826-834
   Abstract »    PDF »
G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction by nuclear Smad4/Dpc4: Phenotypes reversed by a tumorigenic mutation.
J. L. Dai, R. K. Bansal, and S. E. Kern (1999)
PNAS 96, 1427-1432
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Regulation of the Bmp2 Gene. RETINOIC ACID INDUCTION IN F9 EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA CELLS AND SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE.
L. C. Heller, Y. Li, K. L. Abrams, and M. B. Rogers (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1394-1400
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The BMP antagonist Gremlin regulates outgrowth, chondrogenesis and programmed cell death in the developing limb.
R Merino, J Rodriguez-Leon, D Macias, Y Ganan, A. Economides, and J. Hurle (1999)
Development 126, 5515-5522
   Abstract »    PDF »
Control of digit formation by activin signalling.
R Merino, D Macias, Y Ganan, J Rodriguez-Leon, A. Economides, C Rodriguez-Esteban, J. Izpisua-Belmonte, and J. Hurle (1999)
Development 126, 2161-2170
   Abstract »    PDF »
BMP signaling plays a role in visceral endoderm differentiation and cavitation in the early mouse embryo.
E Coucouvanis and G. Martin (1999)
Development 126, 535-546
   Abstract »    PDF »
BMPs negatively regulate structure and function of the limb apical ectodermal ridge.
S Pizette and L Niswander (1999)
Development 126, 883-894
   Abstract »    PDF »
The I{kappa}B Kinase: A Master Regulator of NF-{kappa}B, Innate Immunity, and Epidermal Differentiation.
M. DELHASE and M. KARIN (1999)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 64, 491-504
   Abstract »    PDF »
BMP Receptors in Limb and Tooth Formation.
S. Cheifetz (1999)
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 10, 182-198
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Noggin, Cartilage Morphogenesis, and Joint Formation in the Mammalian Skeleton.
L. J. Brunet, J. A. McMahon, A. P. McMahon, and R. M. Harland (1998)
Science 280, 1455-1457
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Identification of a Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1/Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (TGF-beta 1/BMP4) Response Element within the Mouse Tissue Transglutaminase Gene Promoter.
S. J. Ritter and P. J. A. Davies (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 12798-12806
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction of Drosophila Inhibitors of Apoptosis with Thick Veins, a Type I Serine/Threonine Kinase Receptor for Decapentaplegic.
E. Oeda, Y. Oka, K. Miyazono, and M. Kawabata (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 9353-9356
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Defects in limb, craniofacial, and thymic development in Jagged2 mutant mice.
R. Jiang, Y. Lan, H. D. Chapman, C. Shawber, C. R. Norton, D. V. Serreze, G. Weinmaster, and T. Gridley (1998)
Genes & Dev. 12, 1046-1057
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Is Required for Maintenance of Differentiated Phenotype, Control of Proliferation, and Hypertrophy in Chondrocytes.
M. Enomoto-Iwamoto, M. Iwamoto, Y. Mukudai, Y. Kawakami, T. Nohno, Y. Higuchi, S. Takemoto, H. Ohuchi, S. Noji, and K. Kurisu (1998)
J. Cell Biol. 140, 409-418
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BMPs mediate lateral inhibition at successive stages in feather tract development.
S Noramly and B. Morgan (1998)
Development 125, 3775-3787
   Abstract »    PDF »
Developmental remodeling and shortening of the cardiac outflow tract involves myocyte programmed cell death.
M Watanabe, A Choudhry, M Berlan, A Singal, E Siwik, S Mohr, and S. Fisher (1998)
Development 125, 3809-3820
   Abstract »    PDF »
Evidence that preaxial polydactyly in the Doublefoot mutant is due to ectopic Indian Hedgehog signaling.
Y Yang, P Guillot, Y Boyd, M. Lyon, and A. McMahon (1998)
Development 125, 3123-3132
   Abstract »    PDF »
Local induction of patterning and programmed cell death in the developing Drosophila retina.
D. Miller and R. Cagan (1998)
Development 125, 2327-2335
   Abstract »    PDF »
Adenovirus-mediated ectopic expression of Msx2 in even-numbered rhombomeres induces apoptotic elimination of cranial neural crest cells in ovo.
K Takahashi, G. Nuckolls, O Tanaka, I Semba, I Takahashi, R Dashner, L Shum, and H. Slavkin (1998)
Development 125, 1627-1635
   Abstract »    PDF »
Integrated FGF and BMP signaling controls the progression of progenitor cell differentiation and the emergence of pattern in the embryonic anterior pituitary.
J Ericson, S Norlin, T. Jessell, and T Edlund (1998)
Development 125, 1005-1015
   Abstract »    PDF »
JunB Is Involved in the Inhibition of Myogenic Differentiation by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2.
E. Chalaux, T. Lopez-Rovira, J. L. Rosa, R. Bartrons, and F. Ventura (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 537-543
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Correlation of wing-leg identity in ectopic FGF-induced chimeric limbs with the differential expression of chick Tbx5 and Tbx4.
H Ohuchi, J Takeuchi, H Yoshioka, Y Ishimaru, K Ogura, N Takahashi, T Ogura, and S Noji (1998)
Development 125, 51-60
   Abstract »    PDF »
The life history of an embryonic signaling center: BMP-4 induces p21 and is associated with apoptosis in the mouse tooth enamel knot.
J Jernvall, T Aberg, P Kettunen, S Keranen, and I Thesleff (1998)
Development 125, 161-169
   Abstract »    PDF »
Distribution of mRNA Encoding Three alpha 2-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in the Developing Mouse Embryo Suggests a Role for the alpha 2A Subtype in Apoptosis.
R.-X. Wang and L. E. Limbird (1997)
Mol. Pharmacol. 52, 1071-1080
   Abstract »    Full Text »
BMP-2 and OP-1 exert direct and opposite effects on renal branching morphogenesis.
T. D. Piscione, T. D. Yager, I. R. Gupta, B. Grinfeld, Y. Pei, L. Attisano, J. L. Wrana, and N. D. Rosenblum (1997)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 273, F961-F975
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental Patterns and the Identification of Homologies in the Avian Hand.
A. C. Burke and A. Feduccia (1997)
Science 278, 666-668
   Abstract »    Full Text »
BMP Expression in Duck Interdigital Webbing: A Reanalysis.
E. Laufer, S. Pizette, H. Zou, O. E. Orozco, and L. Niswander (1997)
Science 278, 305
   Full Text »
Tissue-specific Expression of the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Is Modulated by the Neural Restrictive Silencer Element.
P. Kallunki, G. M. Edelman, and F. S. Jones (1997)
J. Cell Biol. 138, 1343-1354
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct roles of type I bone morphogenetic protein receptors in the formation and differentiation of cartilage.
H. Zou, R. Wieser, J. Massague, and L. Niswander (1997)
Genes & Dev. 11, 2191-2203
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction between Soluble Type I Receptor for Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4.
T. Natsume, S. Tomita, S. Iemura, N. Kinto, A. Yamaguchi, and N. Ueno (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 11535-11540
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Inhibits Branching Morphogenesis and Induces Apoptosis in Fetal Rat Lung.
E. A. Catlin, V. C. Tonnu, R. G. Ebb, B. A. Pacheco, T. F. Manganaro, R. M. Ezzell, P. K. Donahoe, and J. Teixeira (1997)
Endocrinology 138, 790-796
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
dally, a Drosophila glypican, controls cellular responses to the TGF-beta-related morphogen, Dpp.
S. Jackson, H Nakato, M Sugiura, A Jannuzi, R Oakes, V Kaluza, C Golden, and S. Selleck (1997)
Development 124, 4113-4120
   Abstract »    PDF »
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as regulators of dorsal forebrain development.
Y Furuta, D. Piston, and B. Hogan (1997)
Development 124, 2203-2212
   Abstract »    PDF »
Involvement of programmed cell death in morphogenesis of the vertebrate inner ear.
D. Fekete, S. Homburger, M. Waring, A. Riedl, and L. Garcia (1997)
Development 124, 2451-2461
   Abstract »    PDF »
Slug, a zinc finger gene previously implicated in the early patterning of the mesoderm and the neural crest, is also involved in chick limb development.
M. Ros, M Sefton, and M. Nieto (1997)
Development 124, 1821-1829
   Abstract »    PDF »
Role of BMP-2 and OP-1 (BMP-7) in programmed cell death and skeletogenesis during chick limb development.
D Macias, Y Ganan, T. Sampath, M. Piedra, M. Ros, and J. Hurle (1997)
Development 124, 1109-1117
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Enamel Knot: A Putative Signaling Center Regulating Tooth Development.
I. Thesleff and J. Jernvall (1997)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 62, 257-267
   Abstract »    PDF »
BMP Signaling and Vertebrate Limb Development.
H. Zou, K.-M. Choe, Y. Lu, J. Massague, and L. Niswander (1997)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 62, 269-272
   Abstract »    PDF »
Ectopic application of recombinant BMP-2 and BMP-4 can change patterning of developing chick facial primordia.
A. Barlow and P. Francis-West (1997)
Development 124, 391-398
   Abstract »    PDF »
Sensory Organ Generation in the Chick Inner Ear.
D. K. Wu and S.-H. Oh (1996)
J. Neurosci. 16, 6454-6462
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)