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Science 22 March 1996:
Vol. 271. no. 5256, pp. 1728 - 1730
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5256.1728
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Reports

Induction of TH1 and TH2 Immunity in Neonatal Mice

Thomas Forsthuber, Hualin C. Yip, Paul V. Lehmann *

The neonatal period has been thought of as a window in ontogeny, during which the developing immune system is particularly susceptible to tolerization. In the present study, the classic system for induction of neonatal tolerance to protein antigens was reexamined in mice. The presumably tolerogenic protocol was found to trigger a vigorous T helper cell type 2 (TH2) immune response. Thus, neonatal ``tolerization'' induces immune deviation, not tolerance in the immunological sense. Neonates are not immune privileged but generate TH2 or TH1 responses, depending on the mode of immunization.

Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Building, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, 44106-4943, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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Persistence of Physiological Self Antigen Is Required for the Regulation of Self Tolerance.
K. M. Garza, S. S. Agersborg, E. Baker, and K. S. K. Tung (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 3982-3989
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Neonatal Administration of IL-12 Enhances the Protective Efficacy of Antiviral Vaccines.
B. P. Arulanandam, J. N. Mittler, W. T. Lee, M. O'Toole, and D. W. Metzger (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 3698-3704
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Direct Visualization of Cytokine-Producing Recall Antigen-Specific CD4 Memory T Cells in Healthy Individuals and HIV Patients.
T. Helms, B. O. Boehm, R. J. Asaad, R. P. Trezza, P. V. Lehmann, and M. Tary-Lehmann (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 3723-3732
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Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing CpG motif induces an anti-polysaccharide type 1-like immune response after immunization of mice with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine.
C. von Hunolstein, R. Teloni, S. Mariotti, S. Recchia, G. Orefici, and R. Nisini (2000)
Int. Immunol. 12, 295-303
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interleukin 4-Producing Cd4 T Cells Arise from Different Precursors Depending on the Conditions of Antigen Exposure in Vivo.
G. Foucras, L. Gapin, C. Coureau, J. M. Kanellopoulos, and J.-C. Guery (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 191, 683-694
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T Cell Receptor Complementarity Determining Region 3 Length Analysis Reveals the Absence of a Characteristic Public T Cell Repertoire in Neonatal Tolerance: The Response in the "Tolerant" Mouse within the Residual Repertoire Is Quantitatively Similar but Qualitatively Different.
E. Maverakis, J. T. Beech, S. S. Wilson, A. Quinn, B. Pedersen, and E. E. Sercarz (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 191, 695-702
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Single-Cytokine-Producing CD4 Memory Cells Predominate in Type 1 and Type 2 Immunity.
A. Y. Karulin, M. D. Hesse, M. Tary-Lehmann, and P. V. Lehmann (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 1862-1872
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Clonotype Analysis of Human Alloreactive T Cells: A Novel Approach to Studying Peripheral Tolerance in a Transplant Recipient.
S. Kusaka, A. P. Grailer, J. H. Fechner Jr., E. Jankowska-Gan, T. Oberley, H. W. Sollinger, and W. J. Burlingham (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 2240-2247
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Pathologic Role and Temporal Appearance of Newly Emerging Autoepitopes in Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
C. L. Vanderlugt, K. L. Neville, K. M. Nikcevich, T. N. Eagar, J. A. Bluestone, and S. D. Miller (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 670-678
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Anergic T Lymphocytes Selectively Express an Integrin Regulatory Protein of the Cytohesin Family.
U. Korthauer, W. Nagel, E. M. Davis, M. M. Le Beau, R. S. Menon, E. O. Mitchell, C. A. Kozak, W. Kolanus, and J. A. Bluestone (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 308-318
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immune Modulation in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Role of CD28 and IL-10.
P. Toto, C. Feliciani, P. Amerio, H. Suzuki, B. Wang, G. M. Shivji, D. Woodley, and D. N. Sauder (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 522-529
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple sclerosis vs Lyme disease: A case presentation to a discussant and a review of the literature.
D. Karussis, H. L Weiner, and O. Abramsky (1999)
Multiple Sclerosis 5, 395-402
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The role of CTLA-4 in tolerance induction and T cell differentiation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: i.p. antigen administration.
R. B. Ratts, L. R. Arredondo, P. Bittner, P. J. Perrin, A. E. Lovett-Racke, and M. K. Racke (1999)
Int. Immunol. 11, 1881-1888
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Age-Associated Rapid and Stat6-Independent IL-4 Production by NK1-CD4+8- Thymus T Lymphocytes.
Y.-T. Chen, F.-L. Chen, and J. T. Kung (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 4747-4753
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The Stimulation of Low-Affinity, Nontolerized Clones by Heteroclitic Antigen Analogues Causes the Breaking of Tolerance Established to an Immunodominant T Cell Epitope.
R. Wang, Y. Wang-Zhu, C. R. Gabaglia, K. Kimachi, and H. M. Grey (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 190, 983-994
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Peptide-induced T cell regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a role for IL-10.
C. Burkhart, G. Y. Liu, S. M. Anderton, B. Metzler, and D. C. Wraith (1999)
Int. Immunol. 11, 1625-1634
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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