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Science 22 March 1996:
Vol. 271. no. 5256, pp. 1723 - 1726
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5256.1723
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Reports

Neonatal Tolerance Revisited: Turning on Newborn T Cells with Dendritic Cells

John Paul Ridge, * Ephraim J. Fuchs, dagger Polly Matzinger

For some time it has been thought that antigenic challenge in neonatal life is a tolerogenic rather than immunogenic event. Reexamination of the classic neonatal tolerance experiments of Billingham, Brent, and Medawar showed that tolerance is not an intrinsic property of the newborn immune system, but that the nature of the antigen-presenting cell determines whether the outcome is neonatal tolerance or immunization.

Section on T Cell Tolerance and Memory (Ghost Lab), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
dagger Present address: Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.


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Multiple Sclerosis 5, 395-402
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Induction of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus type 1 gD in passively immune mice after immunization with a DNA-based vaccine.
P. J. Lewis, S. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, and L. A. Babiuk (1999)
J. Gen. Virol. 80, 2829-2837
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Selective Up-Regulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3'-Kinase Activity in Th2 Cells Inhibits Caspase-8 Cleavage at the Death-Inducing Complex: A Mechanism for Th2 Resistance from Fas-Mediated Apoptosis.
A. S. Varadhachary, M. E. Peter, S. N. Perdow, P. H. Krammer, and P. Salgame (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 4772-4779
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Peripheral CD4+ T Cell Maturation Recognized by Increased Expression of Thy-1/CD90 Bearing the 6C10 Carbohydrate Epitope.
M. Gui, D. L. Wiest, J. Li, D. Kappes, R. R. Hardy, and K. Hayakawa (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 4796-4804
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Strain Variation in Autoimmunity: Attempted Tolerization of DA Rats Results in the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
D. C. Lenz, N. A. Wolf, and R. H. Swanborg (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 1763-1768
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Newborns Develop a Th1-Type Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination.
A. Marchant, T. Goetghebuer, M. O. Ota, I. Wolfe, S. J. Ceesay, D. De Groote, T. Corrah, S. Bennett, J. Wheeler, K. Huygen, et al. (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 2249-2255
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Cutting Edge: CD40 Ligand Is a Limiting Factor in the Humoral Response to T Cell-Dependent Antigens.
M. Perez-Melgosa, D. Hollenbaugh, and C. B. Wilson (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 1123-1127
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Anergy and Cytokine-Mediated Suppression as Distinct Superantigen-Induced Tolerance Mechanisms in Vivo.
C. Miller, J. A. Ragheb, and R. H. Schwartz (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 190, 53-64
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Expansion of neonatal tolerance to self in adult life: I. The role of a bacterial adjuvant in tolerance spread.
N. Grabie, I. Wohl, S. Youssef, G. Wildbaum, and N. Karin (1999)
Int. Immunol. 11, 899-906
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Expansion of neonatal tolerance to self in adult life: II. Tolerance preferentially spreads in an intramolecular manner.
N. Grabie and N. Karin (1999)
Int. Immunol. 11, 907-913
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Antigen-Specific T Cell Activation and Proliferation During Oral Tolerance Induction.
J. Sun, B. Dirden-Kramer, K. Ito, P. B. Ernst, and N. Van Houten (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 5868-5875
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Detection of Cryptdin in Mouse Skin.
Y. Shirafuji, T. Oono, H. Kanzaki, S. Hirakawa, and J. Arata (1999)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 6, 336-340
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Survival of Donor Leukocyte Subpopulations in Immunocompetent Transfusion Recipients: Frequent Long-Term Microchimerism in Severe Trauma Patients.
T.-H. Lee, T. Paglieroni, H. Ohto, P. V. Holland, and M. P. Busch (1999)
Blood 93, 3127-3139
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Development of T–B cell collaboration in neonatal mice.
M. Astori, D. Finke, O. Karapetian, and H. Acha-Orbea (1999)
Int. Immunol. 11, 445-451
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Induction of Protective Host Immunity to Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), a Self-Antigen in CEA Transgenic Mice, by Immunizing with a Recombinant Vaccinia-CEA Virus.
E. Kass, J. Schlom, J. Thompson, F. Guadagni, P. Graziano, and J. W. Greiner (1999)
Cancer Res. 59, 676-683
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