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Science 22 December 1995:
Vol. 270. no. 5244, pp. 1986 - 1988
DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5244.1986
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Reports

Inhibition of Leaf Senescence by Autoregulated Production of Cytokinin

Susheng Gan and Richard M. Amasino (1)

Controlling expression of IPT, a gene encoding isopentenyl transferase (the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cytokinin biosynthesis), with a senescence-specific promoter results in the suppression of leaf senescence. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing this chimeric gene do not exhibit the developmental abnormalities usually associated with IPT expression because the system is autoregulatory. Because sufficient cytokinin is produced to retard senescence, the activity of the senescence-specific promoter is attenuated. Senescence-retarded leaves exhibit a prolonged, photosynthetically active life-span. This result demonstrates that endogenously produced cytokinin can regulate senescence and provides a system to specifically manipulate the senescence program.


Department of Biochemistry, 420 Henry Mall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1569, USA.
(1) To whom correspondence should be addressed.


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Molecular analysis of programmed cell death during senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea: cloning broccoli LSD1, Bax inhibitor and serine palmitoyltransferase homologues.
S. A. Coupe, L. M. Watson, D. J. Ryan, T. T. Pinkney, and J. R. Eason (2004)
J. Exp. Bot. 55, 59-68
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cytokinin-Deficient Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Show Multiple Developmental Alterations Indicating Opposite Functions of Cytokinins in the Regulation of Shoot and Root Meristem Activity.
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PLANT CELL 15, 2532-2550
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitotic and Postmitotic Senescence in Plants.
S. Gan (2003)
Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ. 2003, re7-7
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Overproduction of Cytokinins in Petunia Flowers Transformed with PSAG12-IPT Delays Corolla Senescence and Decreases Sensitivity to Ethylene.
H. Chang, M. L. Jones, G. M. Banowetz, and D. G. Clark (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 2174-2183
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Defining senescence and death.
H. Thomas, H. J. Ougham, C. Wagstaff, and A. D. Stead (2003)
J. Exp. Bot. 54, 1127-1132
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Are there associations between grain-filling rate and photosynthesis in the flag leaves of field-grown rice?.
E. H. Murchie, J. Yang, S. Hubbart, P. Horton, and S. Peng (2002)
J. Exp. Bot. 53, 2217-2224
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The KNAT2 Homeodomain Protein Interacts with Ethylene and Cytokinin Signaling.
O. Hamant, F. Nogue, E. Belles-Boix, D. Jublot, O. Grandjean, J. Traas, and V. Pautot (2002)
Plant Physiology 130, 657-665
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Characterization of a Senescence-Associated Gene Encoding Cysteine Proteinase and its Gene Expression during Leaf Senescence in Sweet Potato.
G.-H. Chen, L.-T. Huang, M.-N. Yap, R.-H. Lee, Y.-J. Huang, M.-C. Cheng, and S.-C. G. Chen (2002)
Plant Cell Physiol. 43, 984-991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of Regulated Overexpression of the MADS Domain Factor AGL15 on Flower Senescence and Fruit Maturation.
S.-C. Fang and D. E. Fernandez (2002)
Plant Physiology 130, 78-89
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Local expression of the ipt gene in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. SR1) axillary buds establishes a role for cytokinins in tuberization and sink formation.
A. Guivarc'h, J. Rembur, M. Goetz, T. Roitsch, M. Noin, T. Schmulling, and D. Chriqui (2002)
J. Exp. Bot. 53, 621-629
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arabidopsis Xylem Peptidase XCP1 Is a Tracheary Element Vacuolar Protein That May Be a Papain Ortholog.
V. Funk, B. Kositsup, C. Zhao, and E. P. Beers (2002)
Plant Physiology 128, 84-94
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of PSAG12-IPT Gene Expression on Development and Senescence in Transgenic Lettuce.
M. S. McCabe, L. C. Garratt, F. Schepers, W. J.R.M. Jordi, G. M. Stoopen, E. Davelaar, J. H. A. van Rhijn, J. B. Power, and M. R. Davey (2001)
Plant Physiology 127, 505-516
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin.
T. Werner, V. Motyka, M. Strnad, and T. Schmulling (2001)
PNAS
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of 35S::Pto Globally Activates Defense-Related Genes in Tomato Plants.
F. Xiao, X. Tang, and J.-M. Zhou (2001)
Plant Physiology 126, 1637-1645
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acclimation of plants to light gradients in leaf canopies: evidence for a possible role for cytokinins transported in the transpiration stream.
T. L. Pons, W. Jordi, and D. Kuiper (2001)
J. Exp. Bot. 52, 1563-1574
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Programmed Cell Death in Development and Defense.
A. M. Jones (2001)
Plant Physiology 125, 94-97
   Full Text »
Cloning and Characterization of a Receptor-Like Protein Kinase Gene Associated with Senescence.
T. Hajouj, R. Michelis, and S. Gepstein (2000)
Plant Physiology 124, 1305-1314
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Embryo MADS Domain Factor AGL15 Acts Postembryonically: Inhibition of Perianth Senescence and Abscission via Constitutive Expression.
D. E. Fernandez, G. R. Heck, S. E. Perry, S. E. Patterson, A. B. Bleecker, and S.-C. Fang (2000)
PLANT CELL 12, 183-198
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Five ways to stay green.
H. Thomas and C. J. Howarth (2000)
J. Exp. Bot. 51, 329-337
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Prospects for crop improvement through the genetic manipulation of photosynthesis: morphological and biochemical aspects of light capture.
P. Horton (2000)
J. Exp. Bot. 51, 475-485
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Leaf Senescence Is Delayed in Tobacco Plants Expressing the Maize Homeobox Gene knotted1 under the Control of a Senescence-Activated Promoter.
N. Ori, M. T. Juarez, D. Jackson, J. Yamaguchi, G. M. Banowetz, and S. Hake (1999)
PLANT CELL 11, 1073-1080
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Interactions between Senescence and Leaf Orientation Determine in Situ Patterns of Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition in Field-Grown Rice.
E. H. Murchie, Y.-z. Chen, S. Hubbart, S. Peng, and P. Horton (1999)
Plant Physiology 119, 553-564
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Aging, life span, and senescence.
L. Guarente, G. Ruvkun, and R. Amasino (1998)
PNAS 95, 11034-11036
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Isolation and Characterization of Arabidopsis Mutants Defective in the Induction of Ethylene Biosynthesis by Cytokinin.
J. P. Vogel, P. Schuerman, K. Woeste, I. Brandstatter, and J. J. Kieber (1998)
Genetics 149, 417-427
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Controlled Cytokinin Production in Transgenic Tobacco Using a Copper-Inducible Promoter.
M. J. McKenzie, V. Mett, P. H. Stewart Reynolds, and P. E. Jameson (1998)
Plant Physiology 116, 969-977
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Cytokinin, Sugars, and Light . Effects on NADH-Dependent Hydroxypyruvate Reductase.
A. Wingler, A. von Schaewen, R. C. Leegood, P. J. Lea, and W. Paul Quick (1998)
Plant Physiology 116, 329-335
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin.
T. Werner, V. Motyka, M. Strnad, and T. Schmulling (2001)
PNAS 98, 10487-10492
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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