Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 13 October 1995:
Vol. 270. no. 5234, pp. 283 - 286
DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5234.283
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Reports

Role of Transcriptional Activation of IB in Mediation of Immunosuppression by Glucocorticoids

Robert I. Scheinman (1),  Patricia C. Cogswell,  Alan K. Lofquist (2),  Albert S. Baldwin Jr. (3)

Glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressive drugs, but their mechanism is poorly understood. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), a regulator of immune system and inflammation genes, may be a target for glucocorticoid-mediated immunosuppression. The activation of NF-kappaB involves the targeted degradation of its cytoplasmic inhibitor, IkappaBalpha, and the translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus. Here it is shown that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone induces the transcription of the IkappaBalpha gene, which results in an increased rate of IkappaBalpha protein synthesis. Stimulation by tumor necrosis factor causes the release of NF-kappaB from IkappaBalpha. However, in the presence of dexamethasone this newly released NF-kappaB quickly reassociates with newly synthesized IkappaBalpha, thus markedly reducing the amount of NF-kappaB that translocates to the nucleus. This decrease in nuclear NF-kappaB is predicted to markedly decrease cytokine secretion and thus effectively block the activation of the immune system.

R. I. Scheinman, P. C. Cogswell, A. K. Lofquist, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.  A. S. Baldwin Jr., Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.  
(1) Present address: School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.  
(2) Present address: Department of Biological Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 80844, USA.  
(3) To whom correspondence should be addressed. 


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ): a new important mediator of glucocorticoid action.
E. Ayroldi and C. Riccardi (2009)
FASEB J 23, 3649-3658
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Minireview: Fetal-Maternal Hormonal Signaling in Pregnancy and Labor.
C. R. Mendelson (2009)
Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 947-954
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dexamethasone and FK506 Inhibit Expression of Distinct Subsets of Chemokines in Human Mast Cells.
A. Kato, R. T. Chustz, T. Ogasawara, M. Kulka, H. Saito, R. P. Schleimer, and K. Matsumoto (2009)
J. Immunol. 182, 7233-7243
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prostaglandin F2alpha Stimulates 11Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Enzyme Bioactivity and Protein Expression in Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells.
H.-Y. Lee, T. J. Acosta, D. J. Skarzynski, and K. Okuda (2009)
Biol Reprod 80, 657-664
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Minireview: Latest Perspectives on Antiinflammatory Actions of Glucocorticoids.
K. De Bosscher and G. Haegeman (2009)
Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 281-291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 and Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Interacting Protein-1-Dependent Combinatorial Mechanism of Gene Transrepression by GR.
I. J. Cho and S. G. Kim (2009)
Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 86-99
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aldosterone Activates NF-{kappa}B in the Collecting Duct.
V. Leroy, S. De Seigneux, V. Agassiz, U. Hasler, M.-E. Rafestin-Oblin, M. Vinciguerra, P.-Y. Martin, and E. Feraille (2009)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20, 131-144
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clotrimazole Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation and Abnormal Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Interleukin-8 Expression through a Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B-Dependent Manner.
D. Thapa, J. S. Lee, S.-Y. Park, Y.-H. Bae, S.-K. Bae, J. B. Kwon, K.-J. Kim, M.-K. Kwak, Y.-J. Park, H. G. Choi, et al. (2008)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 327, 353-364
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunotoxic Effects of Perfluorononanoic Acid on BALB/c Mice.
X. Fang, L. Zhang, Y. Feng, Y. Zhao, and J. Dai (2008)
Toxicol. Sci. 105, 312-321
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The IKK-NF-{kappa}B pathway: a source for novel molecular drug targets in pain therapy?.
E. Niederberger and G. Geisslinger (2008)
FASEB J 22, 3432-3442
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Is a Critical Mediator of Ste20-Like Proline-/Alanine-Rich Kinase Regulation in Intestinal Inflammation.
Y. Yan, G. Dalmasso, H. T. T. Nguyen, T. S. Obertone, L. Charrier-Hisamuddin, S. V. Sitaraman, and D. Merlin (2008)
Am. J. Pathol. 173, 1013-1028
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of pesticide exposure on the human immune system.
E Corsini, J Liesivuori, T Vergieva, H Van Loveren, and C Colosio (2008)
Human and Experimental Toxicology 27, 671-680
   Abstract »    PDF »
Progesterone Receptor Inhibits Aromatase and Inflammatory Response Pathways in Breast Cancer Cells via Ligand-Dependent and Ligand-Independent Mechanisms.
D. B. Hardy, B. A. Janowski, C.-C. Chen, and C. R. Mendelson (2008)
Mol. Endocrinol. 22, 1812-1824
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid regulation of CD38 expression in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of dual specificity phosphatase 1.
B. N. Kang, J. A. Jude, R. A. Panettieri Jr., T. F. Walseth, and M. S. Kannan (2008)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295, L186-L193
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Apolipoprotein E-mimetic Peptide COG112 Inhibits the Inflammatory Response to Citrobacter rodentium in Colonic Epithelial Cells by Preventing NF-{kappa}B Activation.
K. Singh, R. Chaturvedi, M. Asim, D. P. Barry, N. D. Lewis, M. P. Vitek, and K. T. Wilson (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 16752-16761
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid suppression of CX3CL1 (fractalkine) by reduced gene promoter recruitment of NF-{kappa}B.
P. K. Bhavsar, M. B. Sukkar, N. Khorasani, K.-Y. Lee, and K. F. Chung (2008)
FASEB J 22, 1807-1816
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits annexin-1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis CD4+ T cells.
F. D'Acquisto, N. Paschalidis, K. Raza, C. D. Buckley, R. J. Flower, and M. Perretti (2008)
Rheumatology 47, 636-639
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{alpha} Contributes to the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Glucocorticoids.
S. Cuzzocrea, S. Bruscoli, E. Mazzon, C. Crisafulli, V. Donato, R. Di Paola, E. Velardi, E. Esposito, G. Nocentini, and C. Riccardi (2008)
Mol. Pharmacol. 73, 323-337
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Separating Transrepression and Transactivation: A Distressing Divorce for the Glucocorticoid Receptor?.
R. Newton and N. S. Holden (2007)
Mol. Pharmacol. 72, 799-809
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Innate immune system regulation of nuclear hormone receptors in metabolic diseases.
E. K.-H. Chow, B. Razani, and G. Cheng (2007)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 82, 187-195
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Frontiers in Nephrology: T Cell Memory as a Barrier to Transplant Tolerance.
A. Valujskikh and X. C. Li (2007)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18, 2252-2261
   Full Text »    PDF »
The Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-Glucocorticoid Dyad: Regulation of Inflammation and Immunity.
H. Flaster, J. Bernhagen, T. Calandra, and R. Bucala (2007)
Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 1267-1280
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Non-viral delivery of nuclear factor-{kappa}B decoy ameliorates murine inflammatory bowel disease and restores tissue homeostasis.
C. G De Vry, S. Prasad, L. Komuves, C. Lorenzana, C. Parham, T. Le, S. Adda, J. Hoffman, N. Kahoud, R. Garlapati, et al. (2007)
Gut 56, 524-533
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The differential expression of corticosteroid receptor isoforms in corticosteroid-resistant and -sensitive patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
D. L. Kozaci, Y. Chernajovsky, and I. C. Chikanza (2007)
Rheumatology 46, 579-585
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
LOW SERUM LEVELS OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND CORTISOL IN HUMAN DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS BY LEISHMANIA MEXICANA.
N. GALINDO-SEVILLA, N. SOTO, J. MANCILLA, A. CERBULO, E. ZAMBRANO, R. CHAVIRA, and J. HUERTO (2007)
Am J Trop Med Hyg 76, 566-572
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of Corticosteroids and Neuropeptides on the Expression of Defensins in Bovine Tracheal Epithelial Cells.
G. B. Mitchell, M. H. Al-Haddawi, M. E. Clark, J. D. Beveridge, and J. L. Caswell (2007)
Infect. Immun. 75, 1325-1334
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Genomic Effects of Glucocorticoids in Epidermal Keratinocytes: INHIBITION OF APOPTOSIS, INTERFERON-{gamma} PATHWAY, AND WOUND HEALING ALONG WITH PROMOTION OF TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION.
O. Stojadinovic, B. Lee, C. Vouthounis, S. Vukelic, I. Pastar, M. Blumenberg, H. Brem, and M. Tomic-Canic (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 4021-4034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ)/NF-{kappa}B interaction: role of GILZ homo-dimerization and C-terminal domain.
B. D. Marco, M. Massetti, S. Bruscoli, A. Macchiarulo, R. D. Virgilio, E. Velardi, V. Donato, G. Migliorati, and C. Riccardi (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 517-528
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impairment of T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells by immunosuppressive drugs reveals involvement of calcineurin and NF-{kappa}B in immunological synapse formation.
M. Zeyda, R. Geyeregger, M. Poglitsch, T. Weichhart, G. J. Zlabinger, S. Koyasu, W. H. Horl, T. M. Stulnig, B. Watschinger, and M. D. Saemann (2007)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 81, 319-327
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Selectively Modulates Tolerogenic Properties in Myeloid but Not Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.
G. Penna, S. Amuchastegui, N. Giarratana, K. C. Daniel, M. Vulcano, S. Sozzani, and L. Adorini (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 145-153
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Progesterone Receptor Plays a Major Antiinflammatory Role in Human Myometrial Cells by Antagonism of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activation of Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression.
D. B. Hardy, B. A. Janowski, D. R. Corey, and C. R. Mendelson (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 2724-2733
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid Receptor and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Interactions in Restraint Stress-Mediated Protection against Acoustic Trauma.
Y. Tahera, I. Meltser, P. Johansson, A. C. Hansson, and B. Canlon (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 4430-4437
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Halofuginone inhibits NF-{kappa}B and p38 MAPK in activated T cells.
M. Leiba, L. Cahalon, A. Shimoni, O. Lider, A. Zanin-Zhorov, I. Hecht, U. Sela, I. Vlodavsky, and A. Nagler (2006)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 80, 399-406
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome.
S. K. Vora, R. A. Asherson, and D. Erkan (2006)
J Intensive Care Med 21, 144-159
   Abstract »    PDF »
Transcriptional regulation of CD38 expression by tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of NF-{kappa}B and sensitivity to glucocorticoids.
B.-N. Kang, K. G. Tirumurugaan, D. A. Deshpande, Y. Amrani, R. A. Panettieri, T. F. Walseth, and M. S. Kannan (2006)
FASEB J 20, 1000-1002
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vitamin D decreases NF{kappa}B activity by increasing I{kappa}B{alpha} levels.
M. Cohen-Lahav, S. Shany, D. Tobvin, C. Chaimovitz, and A. Douvdevani (2006)
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 21, 889-897
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of glucocorticoid receptors in non-neoplastic lymphoid follicles and B cell type malignant lymphomas.
S-I Okazaki, M Yamakawa, K Maeda, N Ohta, and M Aoyagi (2006)
J. Clin. Pathol. 59, 410-416
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
GILZ expression in human dendritic cells redirects their maturation and prevents antigen-specific T lymphocyte response.
N. Cohen, E. Mouly, H. Hamdi, M.-C. Maillot, M. Pallardy, V. Godot, F. Capel, A. Balian, S. Naveau, P. Galanaud, et al. (2006)
Blood 107, 2037-2044
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoids enhance cytotoxicity of cisplatin via suppression of NF-{kappa}B activation in the glucocorticoid receptor-rich human cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa.
Y.-S. Lu, P.-Y. Yeh, S.-E. Chuang, M. Gao, M.-L. Kuo, and A.-L. Cheng (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 188, 311-319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
10t,12c-conjugated linoleic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase expression in vitro and in vivo.
G. Li, D. Barnes, D. Butz, D. Bjorling, and M. E. Cook (2005)
J. Lipid Res. 46, 2134-2142
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Nuclear Receptor Atlas: Macrophage Activation.
G. D. Barish, M. Downes, W. A. Alaynick, R. T. Yu, C. B. Ocampo, A. L. Bookout, D. J. Mangelsdorf, and R. M. Evans (2005)
Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 2466-2477
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Continuous positive airway pressure causes lung injury in a model of sepsis.
S. Tsuchida, D. Engelberts, M. Roth, C. McKerlie, M. Post, and B. P. Kavanagh (2005)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 289, L554-L564
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoids inhibit activation-induced cell death (AICD) via direct DNA-dependent repression of the CD95 ligand gene by a glucocorticoid receptor dimer.
S. Baumann, A. Dostert, N. Novac, A. Bauer, W. Schmid, S. C. Fas, A. Krueger, T. Heinzel, S. Kirchhoff, G. Schutz, et al. (2005)
Blood 106, 617-625
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced Expression of CD20 in Human Tumor B Cells Is Controlled through ERK-Dependent Mechanisms.
W. Wojciechowski, H. Li, S. Marshall, C. Dell'Agnola, and I. Espinoza-Delgado (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 7859-7868
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
17{beta}-Estradiol Inhibits Inflammatory Gene Expression by Controlling NF-{kappa}B Intracellular Localization.
S. Ghisletti, C. Meda, A. Maggi, and E. Vegeto (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 2957-2968
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vesiculo-erosive Oral Mucosal Disease--Management with Topical Corticosteroids: (1) Fundamental Principles and Specific Agents Available.
M.A. Gonzalez-Moles and C. Scully (2005)
Journal of Dental Research 84, 294-301
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Decoys Suppress Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury.
D. Baetz, J. Shaw, and L. A. Kirshenbaum (2005)
Mol. Pharmacol. 67, 977-979
   Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Target Genes Involved in the Antiproliferative Effect of Glucocorticoids Reveals a Role for Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Repression.
L.-G. Bladh, J. Liden, A. Pazirandeh, I. Rafter, K. Dahlman-Wright, S. Nilsson, and S. Okret (2005)
Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 632-643
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Endogenous Glucocorticoid Repressed Genes Differentially Regulated by a Glucocorticoid Receptor Mutant Able to Separate between Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B and Activator Protein-1 Repression.
L.-G. Bladh, J. Liden, K. Dahlman-Wright, M. Reimers, S. Nilsson, and S. Okret (2005)
Mol. Pharmacol. 67, 815-826
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of 17{beta}-estradiol on tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}-induced cytotoxicity in the human peripheral T lymphocytes.
T. Takao, C. Kumagai, N. Hisakawa, R. Matsumoto, and K. Hashimoto (2005)
J. Endocrinol. 184, 191-197
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drug Therapy in the Heart Transplant Recipient: Part II: Immunosuppressive Drugs.
J. Lindenfeld, G. G. Miller, S. F. Shakar, R. Zolty, B. D. Lowes, E. E. Wolfel, L. Mestroni, R. L. Page II, and J. Kobashigawa (2004)
Circulation 110, 3858-3865
   Full Text »    PDF »
Dobutamine Inhibits Phorbol-Myristate-Acetate-Induced Activation of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B in Human T Lymphocytes In Vitro.
T. Loop, T. Bross, M. Humar, A. Hoetzel, R. Schmidt, H. L. Pahl, K. K. Geiger, and B. H. J. Pannen (2004)
Anesth. Analg. 99, 1508-1515
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Does altered glucocorticoid homeostasis increase cardiovascular risk?.
J. P. Girod and D. J. Brotman (2004)
Cardiovasc Res 64, 217-226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticosteroid resistance in rheumatoid arthritis: molecular and cellular perspectives.
I. C. Chikanza and D. L. Kozaci (2004)
Rheumatology 43, 1337-1345
   Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Glucocorticoid Receptor-mediated Transcriptional Activation by p38 Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase.
Z. Szatmary, M. J. Garabedian, and J. Vilcek (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 43708-43715
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Vitamin D Analog Down-Regulates Proinflammatory Chemokine Production by Pancreatic Islets Inhibiting T Cell Recruitment and Type 1 Diabetes Development.
N. Giarratana, G. Penna, S. Amuchastegui, R. Mariani, K. C. Daniel, and L. Adorini (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 2280-2287
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of aldose reductase attenuates TNF-{alpha}-induced expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells.
K. V. RAMANA, A. BHATNAGAR, and S. K. SRIVASTAVA (2004)
FASEB J 18, 1209-1218
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoids and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Cooperatively Regulate Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene Expression.
M. A. Hermoso, T. Matsuguchi, K. Smoak, and J. A. Cidlowski (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 4743-4756
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Attenuates Airway Hyperresponsiveness Following Exposure to Ozone.
J.-W. Park, C. Taube, C. Swasey, T. Kodama, A. Joetham, A. Balhorn, K. Takeda, N. Miyahara, C. B. Allen, A. Dakhama, et al. (2004)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 30, 830-836
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heparin-disaccharide affects T cells: inhibition of NF-{kappa}B activation, cell migration, and modulation of intracellular signaling.
I. Hecht, R. Hershkoviz, S. Shivtiel, T. Lapidot, I. R. Cohen, O. Lider, and L. Cahalon (2004)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 75, 1139-1146
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid Inhibition of Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor from T cells Is Independent of Control by Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B and Conserved Lymphokine Element 0.
M. W. Bergmann, K. J. Staples, S. J. Smith, P. J. Barnes, and R. Newton (2004)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 30, 555-563
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid inhibition of SP-A gene expression in lung type II cells is mediated via the TTF-1-binding element.
J. L. Alcorn, K. N. Islam, P. P. Young, and C. R. Mendelson (2004)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 286, L767-L776
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Specific Inhibition of I{kappa}B Kinase Reduces Hyperalgesia in Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain Models in Rats.
I. Tegeder, E. Niederberger, R. Schmidt, S. Kunz, H. Guhring, O. Ritzeler, M. Michaelis, and G. Geisslinger (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 1637-1645
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dexamethasone regulates AP-1 to repress TNF-{alpha} induced MCP-1 production in human glomerular endothelial cells.
S.-K. Park, W. S. Yang, N. J. Han, S. K. Lee, H. Ahn, I. K. Lee, J. Y. Park, K.-U. Lee, and J. D. Lee (2004)
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 19, 312-319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Drug immunosuppression therapy for adult heart transplantation. Part 1: immune response to allograft and mechanism of action of immunosuppressants.
X. M. Mueller (2004)
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 77, 354-362
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dexamethasone Inhibits IL-12p40 Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Monocytic Cells by Down-Regulating the Activity of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase, the Activation Protein-1, and NF-{kappa}B Transcription Factors.
W. Ma, K. Gee, W. Lim, K. Chambers, J. B. Angel, M. Kozlowski, and A. Kumar (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 318-330
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Beneficial effects of estrogen treatment in the HLA-B27 transgenic rat model of inflammatory bowel disease.
D. C. Harnish, L. M. Albert, Y. Leathurby, A. M. Eckert, A. Ciarletta, M. Kasaian, and J. C. Keith Jr. (2004)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 286, G118-G125
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interferon-{tau} Blocks the Stimulatory Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} on Prostaglandin F2{alpha} Synthesis by Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells.
K. Okuda, Y. Kasahara, S. Murakami, H. Takahashi, I. Woclawek-Potocka, and D. J. Skarzynski (2004)
Biol Reprod 70, 191-197
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neural inhibition of inflammation: the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
C. J. Czura, S. G. Friedman, and K. J. Tracey (2003)
Innate Immunity 9, 409-413
   Abstract »    PDF »
Corticosteroids in Solid Organ Transplantation: Update and Review of the Literature.
L. Smith (2003)
Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, 380-387
   Abstract »    PDF »
Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C Activity Is Necessary for the Activation of STAT6.
J. Zamorano, M. D. Rivas, A. Garcia-Trinidad, C.-K. Qu, and A. D. Keegan (2003)
J. Immunol. 171, 4203-4209
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of signal transduction pathways involved in inflammation.
G. Haegeman (2003)
Eur. Respir. J. 22, 16s-19s
   Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid Receptor Nitration Leads to Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Steroid Ligands.
M. J. Paul-Clark, F. Roviezzo, R. J. Flower, G. Cirino, P. D. Soldato, I. M. Adcock, and M. Perretti (2003)
J. Immunol. 171, 3245-3252
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Selective IKK-2 Inhibitor Blocks NF-{kappa}B-dependent Gene Expression in Interleukin-1{beta}-stimulated Synovial Fibroblasts.
N. Kishore, C. Sommers, S. Mathialagan, J. Guzova, M. Yao, S. Hauser, K. Huynh, S. Bonar, C. Mielke, L. Albee, et al. (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 32861-32871
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Interplay between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B or Activator Protein-1: Molecular Mechanisms for Gene Repression.
K. De Bosscher, W. Vanden Berghe, and G. Haegeman (2003)
Endocr. Rev. 24, 488-522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence of biological efficacy for prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in patients with unresolving ARDS.
G.U. Meduri, P. Carratu, and A.X. Freire (2003)
Eur. Respir. J. 22, 57s-64s
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 and Common Therapeutics in a Murine Model of Ulcerative Colitis.
M.-C. L'Heureux and P. L. Brubaker (2003)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 306, 347-354
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Progesterone Represses Interleukin-8 and Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 in Human Lower Segment Fibroblast Cells and Amnion Epithelial Cells.
J. A.Z. Loudon, C. L. Elliott, F. Hills, and P. R. Bennett (2003)
Biol Reprod 69, 331-337
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hypertonicity Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Smooth Muscle Cells by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor {kappa}B.
S. C. Pingle, J. F. Sanchez, D. M. Hallam, A. L. Williamson, S. B. Maggirwar, and V. Ramkumar (2003)
Mol. Pharmacol. 63, 1238-1247
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Efferent Vagal Fibre Stimulation Blunts Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activation and Protects Against Hypovolemic Hemorrhagic Shock.
S. Guarini, D. Altavilla, M.-M. Cainazzo, D. Giuliani, A. Bigiani, H. Marini, G. Squadrito, L. Minutoli, A. Bertolini, R. Marini, et al. (2003)
Circulation 107, 1189-1194
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Steroid Responsiveness of Renal Epithelial Cells. DISSOCIATION OF TRANSREPRESSION AND TRANSACTIVATION.
S. de Haij, I. M. Adcock, A. C. Bakker, S. J. P. Gobin, M. R. Daha, and C. van Kooten (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 5091-5098
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vitamin E Reduces Transendothelial Migration of Neutrophils and Prevents Lung Injury in Endotoxin-Induced Airway Inflammation.
D. Rocksen, B. Ekstrand-Hammarstrom, L. Johansson, and A. Bucht (2003)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 28, 199-207
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoids aggravate hyperoxia-induced lung injury through decreased nuclear factor-kappa B activity.
C. Barazzone-Argiroffo, A. Pagano, C. Juge, I. Metrailler, A. Rochat, C. Vesin, and Y. Donati (2003)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 284, L197-L204
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NCX-1015, a nitric-oxide derivative of prednisolone, enhances regulatory T cells in the lamina propria and protects against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice.
S. Fiorucci, E. Antonelli, E. Distrutti, P. Del Soldato, R. J. Flower, M. J. P. Clark, A. Morelli, M. Perretti, and L. J. Ignarro (2002)
PNAS 99, 15770-15775
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Inhibits the Raf-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway by Binding to Raf-1.
E. Ayroldi, O. Zollo, A. Macchiarulo, B. Di Marco, C. Marchetti, and C. Riccardi (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 7929-7941
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rocaglamide Derivatives Are Potent Inhibitors of NF-kappa B Activation in T-cells.
B. Baumann, F. Bohnenstengel, D. Siegmund, H. Wajant, C. Weber, I. Herr, K.-M. Debatin, P. Proksch, and T. Wirth (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 44791-44800
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B by Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Mouse Thymocytes.
J. Zhao and K. P. Karalis (2002)
Mol. Endocrinol. 16, 2561-2570
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunosuppressive Treatment Protects Against Angiotensin II-Induced Renal Damage.
D. N. Muller, E. Shagdarsuren, J.-K. Park, R. Dechend, E. Mervaala, F. Hampich, A. Fiebeler, X. Ju, P. Finckenberg, J. Theuer, et al. (2002)
Am. J. Pathol. 161, 1679-1693
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular sequelae of proteasome inhibition in human multiple myeloma cells.
N. Mitsiades, C. S. Mitsiades, V. Poulaki, D. Chauhan, G. Fanourakis, X. Gu, C. Bailey, M. Joseph, T. A. Libermann, S. P. Treon, et al. (2002)
PNAS 99, 14374-14379
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a pivotal role in immunity against Salmonella typhimurium.
H. Koebernick, L. Grode, J. R. David, W. Rohde, M. S. Rolph, H.-W. Mittrucker, and S. H. E. Kaufmann (2002)
PNAS 99, 13681-13686
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Prostacyclin Analogue Treprostinil Blocks NFkappa B Nuclear Translocation in Human Alveolar Macrophages.
B. Raychaudhuri, A. Malur, T. L. Bonfield, S. Abraham, R. J. Schilz, C. F. Farver, M. S. Kavuru, A. C. Arroliga, and M. J. Thomassen (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 33344-33348
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
trans-Activation and Repression Properties of the Novel Nonsteroid Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligand 2,5-Dihydro-9-hydroxy-10-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-5-(1-methylcyclohexen-3-y1)-1H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-f]quinoline (A276575) and Its Four Stereoisomers.
C. W. Lin, M. Nakane, M. Stashko, D. Falls, J. Kuk, L. Miller, R. Huang, C. Tyree, J. N. Miner, J. Rosen, et al. (2002)
Mol. Pharmacol. 62, 297-303
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lactoferrin reduces colitis in rats via modulation of the immune system and correction of cytokine imbalance.
J.-I. Togawa, H. Nagase, K. Tanaka, M. Inamori, T. Umezawa, A. Nakajima, M. Naito, S. Sato, T. Saito, and H. Sekihara (2002)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 283, G187-G195
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of heat shock preconditioning on NF-kappa B/I-kappa B pathway during I/R injury of the rat liver.
H. Uchinami, Y. Yamamoto, M. Kume, K. Yonezawa, Y. Ishikawa, K. Taura, A. Nakajima, K. Hata, and Y. Yamaoka (2002)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 282, G962-G971
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of hepatic connexins in cholestasis: possible involvement of Kupffer cells and inflammatory mediators.
H. E. Gonzalez, E. A. Eugenin, G. Garces, N. Solis, M. Pizarro, L. Accatino, and J. C. Saez (2002)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 282, G991-G1001
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exposure to a Dysfunctional Glucocorticoid Receptor from Early Embryonic Life Programs the Resistance to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Via Nitric Oxide-Induced Immunosuppression.
B. Marchetti, M. C. Morale, J. Brouwer, C. Tirolo, N. Testa, S. Caniglia, N. Barden, S. Amor, P. A. Smith, and C. D. Dijkstra (2002)
J. Immunol. 168, 5848-5859
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biologic sequelae of nuclear factor-kappa B blockade in multiple myeloma: therapeutic applications.
N. Mitsiades, C. S. Mitsiades, V. Poulaki, D. Chauhan, P. G. Richardson, T. Hideshima, N. Munshi, S. P. Treon, and K. C. Anderson (2002)
Blood 99, 4079-4086
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)