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Science 22 September 1995:
Vol. 269. no. 5231, pp. 1684 - 1691
DOI: 10.1126/science.7569894
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Articles

Science, Vol 269, Issue 5231, 1684-1691
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Vitamin K and energy transduction: a base strength amplification mechanism

P Dowd, R Hershline, SW Ham, and S Naganathan

Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.

Energy transfer provides an arrow in the metabolism of living systems. Direct energetic coupling of chemical transformations, such that the free energy generated in one reaction is channeled to another, is the essence of energy transfer, whereas the purpose is the production of high-energy chemical intermediates. Vitamin K provides a particularly instructive example of energy transfer. A key principle at work in the vitamin K system can be termed "base strength amplification." In the base strength amplification sequence, the free energy of oxygenation of vitamin K hydroquinone (vitamin KH2) is used to transform a weak base to a strong base in order to effect proton removal from selected glutamate (Glu) residues in the blood-clotting proteins.


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Calcium binding mode of {gamma}-carboxyglutamic acids in conantokins.
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Vitamin K-Dependent Biosynthesis of gamma -Carboxyglutamic Acid.
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Blood 93, 1798-1808
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Propeptide and glutamate-containing substrates bound to the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase convert its vitamin K epoxidase function from an inactive to an active state.
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From the Cover: gamma -Glutamyl carboxylation: An extracellular posttranslational modification that antedates the divergence of molluscs, arthropods, and chordates.
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