Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 14 July 1995:
Vol. 269. no. 5221, pp. 218 - 221
DOI: 10.1126/science.7618082
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 269, Issue 5221, 218-221
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Age-related reductions in human recognition memory due to impaired encoding

CL Grady, AR McIntosh, B Horwitz, JM Maisog, LG Ungerleider, MJ Mentis, P Pietrini, MB Schapiro, and JV Haxby

Brain Aging and Dementia Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

The participation of the medial temporal cortex and other cerebral structures in the memory impairment that accompanies aging was examined by means of positron emission tomography. Cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured during encoding and recognition of faces. Young people showed increased rCBF in the right hippocampus and the left prefrontal and temporal cortices during encoding and in the right prefrontal and parietal cortex during recognition. Old people showed no significant activation in areas activated during encoding in young people but did show right prefrontal activation during recognition. Age-related impairments of memory may be due to a failure to encode the stimuli adequately, which is reflected in the lack of cortical and hippocampal activation during encoding.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
A systematic review of interventions to improve recall of medical advice in healthcare consultations.
P. W. Watson and B. McKinstry (2009)
J R Soc Med 102, 235-243
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Relationship between Aging, Performance, and the Neural Correlates of Successful Memory Encoding.
S. Duverne, S. Motamedinia, and M. D. Rugg (2009)
Cereb Cortex 19, 733-744
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Neural Mechanism Underlying Memory Failure in Older Adults.
W. D. Stevens, L. Hasher, K. S. Chiew, and C. L. Grady (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 12820-12824
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toxic Effects of Depression on Brain Function: Impairment of Delayed Recall and the Cumulative Length of Depressive Disorder in a Large Sample of Depressed Outpatients.
P. Gorwood, E. Corruble, B. Falissard, and G. M. Goodwin (2008)
Am J Psychiatry 165, 731-739
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cognitive Control, Goal Maintenance, and Prefrontal Function in Healthy Aging.
J. L. Paxton, D. M. Barch, C. A. Racine, and T. S. Braver (2008)
Cereb Cortex 18, 1010-1028
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Que PASA? The Posterior-Anterior Shift in Aging.
S. W. Davis, N. A. Dennis, S. M. Daselaar, M. S. Fleck, and R. Cabeza (2008)
Cereb Cortex 18, 1201-1209
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age Effects on the Neural Correlates of Episodic Retrieval: Increased Cortical Recruitment with Matched Performance.
A. M. Morcom, J. Li, and M. D. Rugg (2007)
Cereb Cortex 17, 2491-2506
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impairment of nonverbal recognition in Alzheimer disease: A PET O-15 study.
K. E. Anderson, A. M. Brickman, J. Flynn, N. Scarmeas, R. Van Heertum, H. Sackeim, K. S. Marder, K. Bell, J. R. Moeller, and Y. Stern (2007)
Neurology 69, 32-41
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Visual Spatial Integration in the Elderly.
M. M. Del Viva and R. Agostini (2007)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48, 2940-2946
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MR Spectroscopy, Functional MRI, and Diffusion-Tensor Imaging in the Aging Brain: A Conceptual Review.
L. Minati, M. Grisoli, and M. G. Bruzzone (2007)
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 20, 3-21
   Abstract »    PDF »
Effects of Healthy Aging on Hippocampal and Rhinal Memory Functions: An Event-Related fMRI Study.
S. M. Daselaar, M. S. Fleck, I. G. Dobbins, D. J. Madden, and R. Cabeza (2006)
Cereb Cortex 16, 1771-1782
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pharmacological Modulation of Prefrontal Cortical Activity During a Working Memory Task in Young and Older Humans: A PET Study With Physostigmine.
U. Freo, E. Ricciardi, P. Pietrini, M. B. Schapiro, S. I. Rapoport, and M. L. Furey (2005)
Am J Psychiatry 162, 2061-2070
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Region-specific changes in prefrontal function with age: a review of PET and fMRI studies on working and episodic memory.
M. N. Rajah and M. D'Esposito (2005)
Brain 128, 1964-1983
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
H215O PET Study of Impairment of Nonverbal Recognition With Normal Aging.
K. E. Anderson, K. Lynch, E. Zarahn, N. Scarmeas, R. Van Heertum, H. Sackeim, J. R. Moeller, and Y. Stern (2005)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 17, 192-200
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Time Course of Changes in Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated With Long-Term Adaptation to a Rotational Transformation.
V. Della-Maggiore and A. R. McIntosh (2005)
J Neurophysiol 93, 2254-2262
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brain Networks Associated with Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Young and Old Adults.
Y. Stern, C. Habeck, J. Moeller, N. Scarmeas, K. E. Anderson, H. J. Hilton, J. Flynn, H. Sackeim, and R. van Heertum (2005)
Cereb Cortex 15, 394-402
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Selective Atrophy of Left Hemisphere and Frontal Lobe of the Brain in Old Men.
Z. Y. Shan, J. Z. Liu, V. Sahgal, B. Wang, and G. H. Yue (2005)
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60, 165-174
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increasing Memory Load Modulates Regional Brain Activity in Older Adults as Measured by fMRI.
J. R. Petrella, B. A. Townsend, A. P. Jha, L. A. Ziajko, M. J. Slavin, C. Lustig, S. J. Hart, and P. M. Doraiswamy (2005)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 17, 75-83
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age-Related Functional Changes of Prefrontal Cortex in Long-Term Memory: A Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.
S. Rossi, C. Miniussi, P. Pasqualetti, C. Babiloni, P. M. Rossini, and S. F. Cappa (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 7939-7944
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Deficits in Hippocampal and Anterior Cingulate Functioning During Verbal Declarative Memory Encoding in Midlife Major Depression.
J. D. Bremner, M. Vythilingam, E. Vermetten, V. Vaccarino, and D. S. Charney (2004)
Am J Psychiatry 161, 637-645
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Task-independent and Task-specific Age Effects on Brain Activity during Working Memory, Visual Attention and Episodic Retrieval.
R. Cabeza, S. M. Daselaar, F. Dolcos, S. E. Prince, M. Budde, and L. Nyberg (2004)
Cereb Cortex 14, 364-375
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Material-Specific Recognition Memory Deficits Elicited by Unilateral Hippocampal Electrical Stimulation.
S. G. Coleshill, C. D. Binnie, R. G. Morris, G. Alarcon, W. van Emde Boas, D. N. Velis, A. Simmons, C. E. Polkey, C. W. M. van Veelen, and P. C. van Rijen (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 1612-1616
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aging affects the engagement of the hippocampus during autobiographical memory retrieval.
E. A. Maguire and C. D. Frith (2003)
Brain 126, 1511-1523
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional-Anatomic Correlates of Control Processes in Memory.
R. L. Buckner (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 3999-4004
   Full Text »    PDF »
All in Your Mind.
L. Helmuth (2003)
Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ. 2003, ns3-3
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Contribution of Functional Brain Imaging to Our Understanding of Cognitive Aging.
A. Gazzaley and M. D'Esposito (2003)
Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ. 2003, pe2-2
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Neuroanatomical correlates of episodic encoding and retrieval in young and elderly subjects.
S. M. Daselaar, D. J. Veltman, S. A. R. B. Rombouts, J. G. W. Raaijmakers, and C. Jonker (2003)
Brain 126, 43-56
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age effects on the neural correlates of successful memory encoding.
A. M. Morcom, C. D. Good, R. S. J. Frackowiak, and M. D. Rugg (2003)
Brain 126, 213-229
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional reorganisation of memory after traumatic brain injury: a study with H2150 positron emission tomography.
B Levine, R Cabeza, A R McIntosh, S E Black, C L Grady, and D T Stuss (2002)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 73, 173-181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Language lateralization in left-handed and ambidextrous people: fMRI data.
J. P. Szaflarski, J. R. Binder, E. T. Possing, K. A. McKiernan, B. D. Ward, and T. A. Hammeke (2002)
Neurology 59, 238-244
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: Partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid.
J. Liu, E. Head, A. M. Gharib, W. Yuan, R. T. Ingersoll, T. M. Hagen, C. W. Cotman, and B. N. Ames (2002)
PNAS 99, 2356-2361
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Face memory impairments in patients with frontal lobe damage.
S. Z. Rapcsak, L. Nielsen, L. D. Littrell, E. L. Glisky, A. W. Kaszniak, and J. F. Laguna (2001)
Neurology 57, 1168-1175
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Material-specific lateralization in the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex during memory encoding.
A. J. Golby, R. A. Poldrack, J. B. Brewer, D. Spencer, J. E. Desmond, A. P. Aron, and J. D. E. Gabrieli (2001)
Brain 124, 1841-1854
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age-Related Memory Decline: Current Concepts and Future Directions.
S. A. Small (2001)
Arch Neurol 58, 360-364
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of Age on Brain Activation During Auditory-Cued Thumb-to-Index Opposition : A Positron Emission Tomography Study.
C. Calautti, C. Serrati, and J-C. Baron (2001)
Stroke 32, 139-146
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Corticolimbic Interactions Associated with Performance on a Short-Term Memory Task Are Modified by Age.
V. Della-Maggiore, A. B. Sekuler, C. L. Grady, P. J. Bennett, R. Sekuler, and A. R. McIntosh (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, 8410-8416
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional MR Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease during Memory Encoding.
S. A.R.B. Rombouts, F. Barkhof, D. J. Veltman, W. C.M. Machielsen, M. P. Witter, M. A. Bierlaagh, R. H.C. Lazeron, J. Valk, and P. Scheltens (2000)
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 21, 1869-1875
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Does Cerebral Blood Flow Decline in Healthy Aging? A PET Study with Partial-Volume Correction.
C. Cidis Meltzer, M. N. Cantwell, P. J. Greer, D. Ben-Eliezer, G. Smith, G. Frank, W. H. Kaye, P. R. Houck, and J. C. Price (2000)
J. Nucl. Med. 41, 1842-1848
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The influence of normal aging on the cortical processing of a simple motor task.
A. Sailer, J. Dichgans, and C. Gerloff (2000)
Neurology 55, 979-985
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Episodic memory in left temporal lobe epilepsy: a functional MRI study.
S. Dupont, P. F. Van de Moortele, S. Samson, D. Hasboun, J. B. Poline, C. Adam, S. Lehericy, D. Le Bihan, Y. Samson, and M. Baulac (2000)
Brain 123, 1722-1732
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neural Systems Underlying the Recognition of Familiar and Newly Learned Faces.
C. L. Leveroni, M. Seidenberg, A. R. Mayer, L. A. Mead, J. R. Binder, and S. M. Rao (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, 878-886
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Effects of Age on the Neural Correlates of Episodic Encoding.
C. L. Grady, A. R. McIntosh, M. N. Rajah, S. Beig, and F. I.M. Craik (1999)
Cereb Cortex 9, 805-814
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Language dominance in neurologically normal and epilepsy subjects: A functional MRI study.
J. A. Springer, J. R. Binder, T. A. Hammeke, S. J. Swanson, J. A. Frost, P. S. F. Bellgowan, C. C. Brewer, H. M. Perry, G. L. Morris, and W. M. Mueller (1999)
Brain 122, 2033-2046
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Direct comparison of the neural substrates of recognition memory for words and faces.
J. J. Kim, N. C. Andreasen, D. S. O'Leary, A. K. Wiser, L. L. B. Ponto, G. L. Watkins, and R. D. Hichwa (1999)
Brain 122, 1069-1083
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Context-dependent, neural system-specific neurophysiological concomitants of ageing: mapping PET correlates during cognitive activation.
G. Esposito, B. S. Kirkby, J. D. Van Horn, T. M. Ellmore, and K. F. Berman (1999)
Brain 122, 963-979
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Task-related and item-related brain processes of memory retrieval.
E. Duzel, R. Cabeza, T. W. Picton, A. P. Yonelinas, H. Scheich, H.-J. Heinze, and E. Tulving (1999)
PNAS 96, 1794-1799
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Episodic retrieval activates the precuneus irrespective of the imagery content of word pair associates: A PET study.
B. J. Krause, D. Schmidt, F. M. Mottaghy, J. Taylor, U. Halsband, H. Herzog, L. Tellmann, and H.-W. Muller-Gartner (1999)
Brain 122, 255-263
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Building Memories: Remembering and Forgetting of Verbal Experiences as Predicted by Brain Activity.
A. D. Wagner, D. L. Schacter, M. Rotte, W. Koutstaal, A. Maril, A. M. Dale, B. R. Rosen, and R. L. Buckner (1998)
Science 281, 1188-1191
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Development of Excitatory Circuitry in the Hippocampus.
A. Y. Hsia, R. C. Malenka, and R. A. Nicoll (1998)
J Neurophysiol 79, 2013-2024
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neural correlates of the episodic encoding of pictures and words.
C. L. Grady, A. R. McIntosh, M. N. Rajah, and F. I. M. Craik (1998)
PNAS 95, 2703-2708
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Successful Verbal Encoding into Episodic Memory Engages the Posterior Hippocampus: A Parametrically Analyzed Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
G. Fernandez, H. Weyerts, M. Schrader-Bolsche, I. Tendolkar, H. G. O. M. Smid, C. Tempelmann, H. Hinrichs, H. Scheich, C. E. Elger, G. R. Mangun, et al. (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 1841-1847
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding, priming, and explicit memory retrieval.
R. L. Buckner and W. Koutstaal (1998)
PNAS 95, 891-898
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brain Aging: Changes in the Nature of Information Coding by the Hippocampus.
H. Tanila, M. Shapiro, M. Gallagher, and H. Eichenbaum (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 5155-5166
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Age-Related Differences in Neural Activity during Memory Encoding and Retrieval: A Positron Emission Tomography Study.
R. Cabeza, C. L. Grady, L. Nyberg, A. R. McIntosh, E. Tulving, S. Kapur, J. M. Jennings, S. Houle, and F. I. M. Craik (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 391-400
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Illusory memories: A cognitive neuroscience analysis.
D. L. Schacter (1996)
PNAS 93, 13527-13533
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Anatomic Studies of Memory Retrieval for Auditory Words and Visual Pictures.
R. L. Buckner, M. E. Raichle, F. M. Miezin, and S. E. Petersen (1996)
J. Neurosci. 16, 6219-6235
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Orbitofrontal cortex: A key prefrontal region for encoding information.
S. Frey and M. Petrides (2000)
PNAS 97, 8723-8727
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)