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Science 14 April 1995:
Vol. 268. no. 5208, pp. 286 - 290
DOI: 10.1126/science.7716521

Articles

Science, Vol 268, Issue 5208, 286-290
Copyright © 1995 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Identification of a dual specificity kinase that activates the Jun kinases and p38-Mpk2

A Lin, A Minden, H Martinetto, FX Claret, C Lange-Carter, F Mercurio, GL Johnson, and M Karin

Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0636, USA.

One Ras-dependent protein kinase cascade leading from growth factor receptors to the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is dependent on the protein kinase Raf-1, which activates the MEK (MAPK or ERK kinase) dual specificity kinases. A second protein kinase cascade leading to activation of the Jun kinases (JNKs) is dependent on MEKK (MEK kinase). A dual-specificity kinase that activates JNK, named JNKK, was identified that functions between MEKK and JNK. JNKK activated the JNKs but did not activate the ERKs and was unresponsive to Raf-1 in transfected HeLa cells. JNKK also activated another MAPK, p38 (Mpk2; the mammalian homolog of HOG1 from yeast), whose activity is regulated similarly to that of the JNKs.


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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280, G669-G677
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IFN-{gamma} + LPS induction of iNOS is modulated by ERK, JNK/SAPK, and p38mapk in a mouse macrophage cell line.
E. D. Chan and D. W. H. Riches (2001)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280, C441-C450
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Cytoprotection by Jun Kinase During Nitric Oxide-Induced Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis.
P. Andreka, J. Zang, C. Dougherty, T. I. Slepak, K. A. Webster, and N. H. Bishopric (2001)
Circ. Res. 88, 305-312
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Regulation of the Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Gene in Different Grades of Human Glioma Cell Lines.
A. Bhattacharya, S. S. Lakka, S. Mohanam, D. Boyd, and J. S. Rao (2001)
Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 267-276
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Potentiation of Estrogen Receptor Activation Function 1 (AF-1) by Src/JNK through a Serine 118-Independent Pathway.
W. Feng, P. Webb, P. Nguyen, X. Liu, J. Li, M. Karin, and P. J. Kushner (2001)
Mol. Endocrinol. 15, 32-45
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Heregulin Regulation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and its Receptor: Human Breast Epithelial Cell Invasion.
A. Mazumdar, L. Adam, D. Boyd, and R. Kumar (2001)
Cancer Res. 61, 400-405
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SIMKK, a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Kinase, Is a Specific Activator of the Salt Stress-Induced MAPK, SIMK.
S. Kiegerl, F. Cardinale, C. Siligan, A. Gross, E. Baudouin, A. Liwosz, S. Eklöf, S. Till, L. Bögre, H. Hirt, et al. (2000)
PLANT CELL 12, 2247-2258
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Accumulation of RXR{alpha} During Activation of Cycling Human T Lymphocytes: Modulation of RXRE Transactivation Function by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways.
M. Ishaq, M. Fan, and V. Natarajan (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 4217-4225
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Cyclic GMP Mediates Apoptosis Induced by Sulindac Derivatives via Activation of c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase 1.
J.-W. Soh, Y. Mao, M.-G. Kim, R. Pamukcu, H. Li, G. A. Piazza, W. J. Thompson, and I. B. Weinstein (2000)
Clin. Cancer Res. 6, 4136-4141
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The Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpes Virus G Protein-coupled Receptor Up-Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Secretion through Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and p38 Pathways Acting on Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1{{alpha}}.
A. Sodhi, S. Montaner, V. Patel, M. Zohar, C. Bais, E. A. Mesri, and J. S. Gutkind (2000)
Cancer Res. 60, 4873-4880
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Differential Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase and p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases by Methyl Methanesulfonate in the Liver and Brain of Rats: Implication for Organ-specific Carcinogenesis.
Y. Suh, U. G. Kang, Y. S. Kim, W.-H. Kim, S.-C. Park, and J.-B. Park (2000)
Cancer Res. 60, 5067-5073
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Immune Cell Activation by Bacterial Cpg-DNA through Myeloid Differentiation Marker 88 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor (Traf)6.
H. Hacker, R. M. Vabulas, O. Takeuchi, K. Hoshino, S. Akira, and H. Wagner (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 192, 595-600
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The cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway mediates induction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) by the alkylating agent MNNG.
M. Parra, F. Lluis, F. Miralles, C. Caelles, and P. Munoz-Canoves (2000)
Blood 96, 1415-1424
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Activation of JNK, p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases by chromium(VI) is mediated through oxidative stress but does not affect cytotoxicity.
S.-M. Chuang, G.-Y. Liou, and J.-L. Yang (2000)
Carcinogenesis 21, 1491-1500
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Activation of MEK Kinase 1 by the c-Abl Protein Tyrosine Kinase in Response to DNA Damage.
S. Kharbanda, P. Pandey, T. Yamauchi, S. Kumar, M. Kaneki, V. Kumar, A. Bharti, Z.-M. Yuan, L. Ghanem, A. Rana, et al. (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 4979-4989
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Roles of JNK, p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases in the growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by cadmium.
S.-M. Chuang, I-C. Wang, and J.-L. Yang (2000)
Carcinogenesis 21, 1423-1432
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p38 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Regulate the Myogenic Program at Multiple Steps.
Z. Wu, P. J. Woodring, K. S. Bhakta, K. Tamura, F. Wen, J. R. Feramisco, M. Karin, J. Y. J. Wang, and P. L. Puri (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 3951-3964
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Human Gastric Cancer Kinase Profile and Prognostic Significance of MKK4 Kinase.
C.-W. Wu, A. F.-Y. Li, C.-W. Chi, C. L. Huang, K.-H. Shen, W.-Y. Liu, and W.-c. Lin (2000)
Am. J. Pathol. 156, 2007-2015
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WNK1, a Novel Mammalian Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Lacking the Catalytic Lysine in Subdomain II.
B.-e Xu, J. M. English, J. L. Wilsbacher, S. Stippec, E. J. Goldsmith, and M. H. Cobb (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 16795-16801
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MEK kinase 1 is critically required for c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by proinflammatory stimuli and growth factor-induced cell migration.
Y. Xia, C. Makris, B. Su, E. Li, J. Yang, G. R. Nemerow, and M. Karin (2000)
PNAS 97, 5243-5248
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Rb Protein Down-regulates the Stress-activated Signals through Inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal Kinase/Stress-activated Protein Kinase.
J. Shim, H.-S. Park, M. J. Kim, J. Park, E. Park, S.-G. Cho, S.-J. Eom, H.-W. Lee, C. O. Joe, and E.-J. Choi (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 14107-14111
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