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Science 25 March 1994:
Vol. 263. no. 5154, pp. 1768 - 1771
DOI: 10.1126/science.8134839
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Articles

Science, Vol 263, Issue 5154, 1768-1771
Copyright © 1994 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Direct signaling from astrocytes to neurons in cultures of mammalian brain cells

M Nedergaard

Department of Surgery, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.

Although astrocytes have been considered to be supportive, rather than transmissive, in the adult nervous system, recent studies have challenged this assumption by demonstrating that astrocytes possess functional neurotransmitter receptors. Astrocytes are now shown to directly modulate the free cytosolic calcium, and hence transmission characteristics, of neighboring neurons. When a focal electric field potential was applied to single astrocytes in mixed cultures of rat forebrain astrocytes and neurons, a prompt elevation of calcium occurred in the target cell. This in turn triggered a wave of calcium increase, which propagated from astrocyte to astrocyte. Neurons resting on these astrocytes responded with large increases in their concentration of cytosolic calcium. The gap junction blocker octanol attenuated the neuronal response, which suggests that the astrocytic-neuronal signaling is mediated through intercellular connections rather than synaptically. This neuronal response to local astrocytic stimulation may mediate local intercellular communication within the brain.


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Intracellular Calcium Transients and Potassium Current Oscillations Evoked by Glutamate in Cultured Rat Astrocytes.
J. Chen, K. H. Backus, and J. W. Deitmer (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 7278-7287
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Impact of Cytoplasmic Calcium Buffering on the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Intercellular Calcium Signals in Astrocytes.
Z. Wang, M. Tymianski, O. T. Jones, and M. Nedergaard (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 7359-7371
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)