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Science 19 November 1993:
Vol. 262. no. 5137, pp. 1252 - 1255
DOI: 10.1126/science.262.5137.1252
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Articles
Uncertainties in Carbon Dioxide Radiative Forcing in Atmospheric General Circulation Models
R. D. Cess 1,
M.-H. Zhang 1,
G. L. Potter 2,
H. W. Barker 3,
R. A. Colman 4,
D. A. Dazlich 5,
A. D. Del Genio 6,
M. Esch 7,
J. R. Fraser 4,
V. Galin 8,
W. L. Gates 2,
J. J. Hack 9,
W. J. Ingram 10,
J. T. Kiehl 9,
A. A. Lacis 6,
H. Le Treut 11,
Z.-X. Li 11,
X.-Z. Liang 12,
J.-F. Mahfouf 13,
B. J. McAvaney 4,
V. P. Meleshko 14,
J.-J. Morcrette 15,
D. A. Randall 5,
E. Roeckner 7,
J.-F. Royer 13,
A. P. Sokolov 14,
P. V. Sporyshev 14,
K. E. Taylor 2,
W.-C. Wang 12, and
R. T. Wetherald 16
1 Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794
2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
3 Canadian Climate Centre, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
4 Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, G.P.O. Box 1298K, Melbourne, 3001 Victoria, Australia
5 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
6 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025
7 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 55, D2000, Hamburg 13, Germany
8 Department of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32A Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 117334, Russia
9 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
10 Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SY, United Kingdom
11 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
12 Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12205
13 Direction de la Météorologie Nationale, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, 42 Avenue Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse Cedex, France
14 Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, 7 Karbisheva Street, 194018 St. Petersburg, Russia
15 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berkshire RG29AX, United Kingdom
16 Princeton University, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Post Office Box 308, Princeton, NJ 08540
Global warming caused by an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, is the direct result of greenhouse gas—induced radiative forcing. When a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide is considered, this forcing differed substantially among 15 atmospheric general circulation models. Although there are several potential causes, the largest contributor was the carbon dioxide radiation parameterizations of the models.
Submitted on June 28, 1993
Accepted on September 13, 1993
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
- Global warming.
- M. Hulme (1994)
Progress in Physical Geography
18, 401-410
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