Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.


Science 17 September 1993:
Vol. 261. no. 5128, pp. 1584 - 1588
DOI: 10.1126/science.8372353

Articles

Science, Vol 261, Issue 5128, 1584-1588
Copyright © 1993 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Disappearance of the lymphoid system in Bcl-2 homozygous mutant chimeric mice

K Nakayama, K Nakayama, I Negishi, K Kuida, Y Shinkai, MC Louie, LE Fields, PJ Lucas, V Stewart, FW Alt, and al. et

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene can prevent the death of many cell types. Mice were generated that were chimeric for the homozygous inactivation of bcl-2. Lymphocytes without Bcl-2 differentiated into phenotypically mature cells. However, in vitro, the mature T cells that lacked Bcl-2 had shorter life-spans and increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids and gamma-irradiation. In contrast, stimulation of CD3 inhibited the death of these cells. T and B cells with no Bcl-2 disappeared from the bone marrow, thymus, and periphery by 4 weeks of age. Thus, Bcl-2 was dispensable for lymphocyte maturation, but was required for a stable immune system after birth.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Islet {beta}-Cells Deficient in Bcl-xL Develop but Are Abnormally Sensitive to Apoptotic Stimuli.
E. M. Carrington, M. D. McKenzie, E. Jansen, M. Myers, S. Fynch, C. Kos, A. Strasser, T. W. Kay, C. L. Scott, and J. Allison (2009)
Diabetes 58, 2316-2323
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical Roles of Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein in the Homeostasis and TCR-Mediated Proliferation of Peripheral T Cells.
P.-S. Wu, C.-Y. Yang, J. J.-Y. Yen, C.-H. Chou, S. H. Chen, C.-K. L. Wang, Y.-G. Lai, N.-S. Liao, and H.-F. Yang-Yen (2009)
J. Immunol. 183, 2373-2381
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Promoter Knock-In Mutations Reveal a Role of Mcl-1 in Thymocyte-Positive Selection and Tissue or Cell Lineage-Specific Regulation of Mcl-1 Expression.
C.-Y. Yang, N.-H. Lin, J.-M. Lee, C.-Y. Huang, H.-J. Min, J. J.-Y. Yen, N.-S. Liao, and H.-F. Yang-Yen (2009)
J. Immunol. 182, 2959-2968
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Member Mcl-1 Promotes T Lymphocyte Survival at Multiple Stages.
I. Dzhagalov, A. Dunkle, and Y.-W. He (2008)
J. Immunol. 181, 521-528
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of apoptosis and neurite extension by FKBP38 is required for neural tube formation in the mouse..
M. Shirane, M. Ogawa, J. Motoyama, and K. I. Nakayama (2008)
Genes Cells 13, 635-651
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transgenic Expression of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 by Murine B Cells Enhances the In Vivo Antipolysaccharide, but Not Antiprotein, Response to Intact Streptococcus pneumoniae.
G. Chattopadhyay, A. Q. Khan, G. Sen, J. Colino, W. duBois, A. Rubtsov, R. M. Torres, M. Potter, and C. M. Snapper (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 7523-7534
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteomics Analysis of Interleukin (IL)-7-induced Signaling Effectors Shows Selective Changes in IL-7R{alpha}449F Knock-in T Cell Progenitors.
K. A. Duthie, L. C. Osborne, L. J. Foster, and N. Abraham (2007)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6, 1700-1710
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bim/Bcl-2 balance is critical for maintaining naive and memory T cell homeostasis.
S. Wojciechowski, P. Tripathi, T. Bourdeau, L. Acero, H. L. Grimes, J. D. Katz, F. D. Finkelman, and D. A. Hildeman (2007)
J. Exp. Med. 204, 1665-1675
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endogenous bcl-2 is not required for the development of E{micro}-myc induced B-cell lymphoma.
P. N. Kelly, H. Puthalakath, J. M. Adams, and A. Strasser (2007)
Blood 109, 4907-4913
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impaired CD8 T cell memory and CD4 T cell primary responses in IL-7R{alpha} mutant mice.
L. C. Osborne, S. Dhanji, J. W. Snow, J. J. Priatel, M. C. Ma, M. J. Miners, H.-S. Teh, M. A. Goldsmith, and N. Abraham (2007)
J. Exp. Med. 204, 619-631
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rac1-mediated Bcl-2 induction is critical in antigen-induced CD4 single-positive differentiation of a CD4+CD8+ immature thymocyte line.
H. Oda, H. Suzuki, K. Sakai, S. Kitahara, M. S. Patrick, Y. Azuma, K. Sugi, T. Kitamura, J. Kaye, and M. Shirai (2007)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 81, 500-508
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-2 family members and apoptosis, taken to heart.
A. B. Gustafsson and R. A. Gottlieb (2007)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292, C45-C51
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Early Embryonic Death in Mice Lacking the {beta}-Catenin-Binding Protein Duplin.
M. Nishiyama, K. Nakayama, R. Tsunematsu, T. Tsukiyama, A. Kikuchi, and K. I. Nakayama (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 8386-8394
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced In Vitro Midbrain Dopamine Neuron Differentiation, Dopaminergic Function, Neurite Outgrowth, and 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridium Resistance in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Overexpressing Bcl-XL.
J.-W. Shim, H.-C. Koh, M.-Y. Chang, E. Roh, C.-Y. Choi, Y. J. Oh, H. Son, Y.-S. Lee, L. Studer, and S.-H. Lee (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 843-852
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Control of Bcl-2 expression by reactive oxygen species.
D. A. Hildeman, T. Mitchell, B. Aronow, S. Wojciechowski, J. Kappler, and P. Marrack (2003)
PNAS 100, 15035-15040
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plasma Cell Survival Is Mediated by Synergistic Effects of Cytokines and Adhesion-Dependent Signals.
G. Cassese, S. Arce, A. E. Hauser, K. Lehnert, B. Moewes, M. Mostarac, G. Muehlinghaus, M. Szyska, A. Radbruch, and R. A. Manz (2003)
J. Immunol. 171, 1684-1690
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Modulates Activation of and Cytokine Production by Human Peripheral CD4+ T Cells.
G. A. Stewart, J. A. Lowrey, S. J. Wakelin, P. M. Fitch, S. Lindey, M. J. Dallman, J. R. Lamb, and S. E. M. Howie (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 5451-5457
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-2 Determines Susceptibility to Induction of Lung Cancer by Oncogenic CRaf.
L. M. Fedorov, O. Yu. Tyrsin, T. Papadopoulos, G. Camarero, R. Gotz, and U. R. Rapp (2002)
Cancer Res. 62, 6297-6303
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sonic Hedgehog Promotes Cell Cycle Progression in Activated Peripheral CD4+ T Lymphocytes.
J. A. Lowrey, G. A. Stewart, S. Lindey, G. F. Hoyne, M. J. Dallman, S. E. M. Howie, and J. R. Lamb (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 1869-1875
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Linking Hematopoiesis to Endochondral Skeletogenesis through Analysis of Mice Transgenic for Collagen X.
O. Jacenko, D. W. Roberts, M. R. Campbell, P. M. McManus, C. J. Gress, and Z. Tao (2002)
Am. J. Pathol. 160, 2019-2034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Constitutive nuclear factor-kappa B activity preserves homeostasis of quiescent mature lymphocytes and granulocytes by controlling the expression of distinct Bcl-2 family proteins.
F. Bureau, A. Vanderplasschen, F. Jaspar, F. Minner, P.-P. Pastoret, M.-P. Merville, V. Bours, and P. Lekeux (2002)
Blood 99, 3683-3691
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Perturbation of B-cell development in mice overexpressing the Bcl-2 homolog A1.
P. I. Chuang, S. Morefield, C.-Y. Liu, S. Chen, J. M. Harlan, and D. M. Willerford (2002)
Blood 99, 3350-3359
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Myeloid cell factor-1 is a critical survival factor for multiple myeloma.
B. Zhang, I. Gojo, and R. G. Fenton (2002)
Blood 99, 1885-1893
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Deficiency of phospholipase C-{gamma}1 impairs renal development and hematopoiesis.
M. Shirane, H. Sawa, Y. Kobayashi, T. Nakano, K. Kitajima, Y. Shinkai, K. Nagashima, and I. Negishi (2001)
Development 128, 5173-5180
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of the PU.1 gene by distal elements.
Y. Li, Y. Okuno, P. Zhang, H. S. Radomska, H.-m. Chen, H. Iwasaki, K. Akashi, M. J. Klemsz, S. R. McKercher, R. A. Maki, et al. (2001)
Blood 98, 2958-2965
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis in sepsis: a new target for therapeutic exploration.
C. OBERHOLZER, A. OBERHOLZER, M. CLARE-SALZLER, and L. L. MOLDAWER (2001)
FASEB J 15, 879-892
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MHC Recognition in Thymic Development: Distinct, Parallel Pathways for Survival and Lineage Commitment.
D. Chang, P. Valdez, T. Ho, and E. Robey (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 6710-6715
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Attenuation of Apoptosis Underlies B Lymphocyte Stimulator Enhancement of Humoral Immune Response.
R. K.G. Do, E. Hatada, H. Lee, M. R. Tourigny, D. Hilbert, and S. Chen-Kiang (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 192, 953-964
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of in vitro spontaneous apoptosis by IL-7 correlates with Bcl-2 up-regulation, cortical/mature immunophenotype, and better early cytoreduction of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
L. Karawajew, V. Ruppert, C. Wuchter, A. Kosser, M. Schrappe, B. Dorken, and W.-D. Ludwig (2000)
Blood 96, 297-306
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aberrant cell cycle checkpoint function and early embryonic death in Chk1-/- mice.
H. Takai, K. Tominaga, N. Motoyama, Y. A. Minamishima, H. Nagahama, T. Tsukiyama, K. Ikeda, K. Nakayama, M. Nakanishi, and K.-i. Nakayama (2000)
Genes & Dev. 14, 1439-1447
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Estrogen influences the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of early B-lineage precursors.
K. L. Medina, A. Strasser, and P. W. Kincade (2000)
Blood 95, 2059-2067
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lessons From Genetically Engineered Animal Models. VII. Apoptosis in intestinal epithelium: lessons from transgenic and knockout mice.
A. J. M. Watson and D. M. Pritchard (2000)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278, G1-G5
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spontaneous Apoptosis in Lymphocytes From Patients With Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: Correlation of Accelerated Cell Death and Attenuated Bcl-2 Expression.
S. L. Rawlings, G. M. Crooks, D. Bockstoce, L. W. Barsky, R. Parkman, and K. I. Weinberg (1999)
Blood 94, 3872-3882
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Relaxed Negative Selection in Germinal Centers and Impaired Affinity Maturation in bcl-xL Transgenic Mice.
Y. Takahashi, D. M. Cerasoli, J. M. Dal Porto, M. Shimoda, R. Freund, W. Fang, D. G. Telander, E.-N. Malvey, D. L. Mueller, T. W. Behrens, et al. (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 190, 399-410
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-2 inhibits ischemia-reperfusion-induced apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium of transgenic mice.
C. M. Coopersmith, D. O'Donnell, and J. I. Gordon (1999)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 276, G677-G686
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Effects of IL-2 and IL-15 on the Death and Survival of Activated TCR{gamma}{delta}+ Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes.
C.-L. Chu, S.-S. Chen, T.-S. Wu, S.-C. Kuo, and N.-S. Liao (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 1896-1903
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BCL-2 Blocks Perforin-induced Nuclear Translocation of Granzymes Concomitant with Protection against the Nuclear Events of Apoptosis.
D. A. Jans, V. R. Sutton, P. Jans, C. J. Froelich, and J. A. Trapani (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 3953-3961
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Susceptibility of Thymocytes to Apoptosis in Mice Lacking AIM, a Novel Murine Macrophage-derived Soluble Factor Belonging to the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-rich Domain Superfamily.
T. Miyazaki, Y. Hirokami, N. Matsuhashi, H. Takatsuka, and M. Naito (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 189, 413-422
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Accelerated apoptosis of lymphocytes by augmented induction of Bax in SSI-1 (STAT-induced STAT inhibitor-1) deficient mice.
T. Naka, T. Matsumoto, M. Narazaki, M. Fujimoto, Y. Morita, Y. Ohsawa, H. Saito, T. Nagasawa, Y. Uchiyama, and T. Kishimoto (1998)
PNAS 95, 15577-15582
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Accelerated Neutrophil Apoptosis in Mice Lacking A1-a, a Subtype of the bcl-2-related A1 Gene.
A. Hamasaki, F. Sendo, K. Nakayama, N. Ishida, I. Negishi, K.-i. Nakayama, and S. Hatakeyama (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 188, 1985-1992
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stat3 Activation Is Responsible for IL-6-Dependent T Cell Proliferation Through Preventing Apoptosis: Generation and Characterization of T Cell-Specific Stat3-Deficient Mice.
K. Takeda, T. Kaisho, N. Yoshida, J. Takeda, T. Kishimoto, and S. Akira (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 4652-4660
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Supraoptimal Peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex Causes a Decrease in Bcl-2 Levels and Allows Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} Receptor II-mediated Apoptosis of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.
M. A. Alexander-Miller, M. A. Derby, A. Sarin, P. A. Henkart, and J. A. Berzofsky (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 188, 1391-1399
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
mcl-1 Is an Immediate-Early Gene Activated by the Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Signaling Pathway and Is One Component of the GM-CSF Viability Response.
J.-R. Chao, J.-M. Wang, S.-F. Lee, H.-W. Peng, Y.-H. Lin, C.-H. Chou, J.-C. Li, H.-M. Huang, C.-K. Chou, M.-L. Kuo, et al. (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 4883-4898
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Down-Modulation of a Novel Bax-Associated Protein During Apoptosis in Normal Mature B Lymphocytes.
H. He, P. A. Hershberger, and S. A. McCarthy (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 1176-1182
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IL-4-Producing NK1.1+ T Cells Are Resistant to Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis: Implications for the Th1/Th2 Balance.
K. Tamada, M. Harada, K. Abe, T. Li, and K. Nomoto (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 1239-1247
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Apoptosis : Basic Mechanisms and Implications for Cardiovascular Disease.
A. Haunstetter and S. Izumo (1998)
Circ. Res. 82, 1111-1129
   Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-2 Accelerates the Maturation of Early Sensory Neurons.
G. Middleton, L. G. P. Pinon, S. Wyatt, and A. M. Davies (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 3344-3350
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Homeostasis and Self-Tolerance in the Immune System: Turning Lymphocytes off.
L. V. Parijs and A. K. Abbas (1998)
Science 280, 243-248
   Abstract »    Full Text »
IGF-I alters lymphocyte survival and regeneration in thymus and spleen after dexamethasone treatment.
P. S. Hinton, C. A. Peterson, E. M. Dahly, and D. M. Ney (1998)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 274, R912-R920
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systemic Overexpression of BCL-2 in the Hematopoietic System Protects Transgenic Mice From the Consequences of Lethal Irradiation.
J. Domen, K. L. Gandy, and I. L. Weissman (1998)
Blood 91, 2272-2282
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-Lived B Cells Are Distinguished by Elevated Expression of A1.
M. M. Tomayko and M. P. Cancro (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 107-111
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Peripheral T Cell Survival Requires Continual Ligation of the T Cell Receptor to Major Histocompatibility Complex-Encoded Molecules.
J. Kirberg, A. Berns, and H. v. Boehmer (1997)
J. Exp. Med. 186, 1269-1275
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The bcl-2 Gene Product Prevents Programmed Cell Death of Ventricular Myocytes.
L. A. Kirshenbaum and D. de Moissac (1997)
Circulation 96, 1580-1585
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Defining Apoptosis: Players and Systems.
G. F. Erickson (1997)
Reproductive Sciences 4, 219-228
   Abstract »    PDF »
The antisense bcl-2-IgH transcript is an optimal target for synthetic oligonucleotides.
S. Morelli, D. Delia, S. Capaccioli, A. Quattrone, N. Schiavone, A. Bevilacqua, S. Tomasini, and A. Nicolin (1997)
PNAS 94, 8150-8155
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of Cell Death in Yeast by the Bcl-2 Family of Proteins.
W. Tao, C. Kurschner, and J. I. Morgan (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 15547-15552
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
bax Deficiency Prevents the Increased Cell Death of Immature Neurons in bcl-x-Deficient Mice.
K. S. Shindler, C. B. Latham, and K. A. Roth (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 3112-3119
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of bcl-2 in the Development of Lymphoid Cells From the Hematopoietic Stem Cell.
Y. Matsuzaki, K.-i. Nakayama, K. Nakayama, T. Tomita, M. Isoda, D. Y. Loh, and H. Nakauchi (1997)
Blood 89, 853-862
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-2 Lies Downstream of Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide in a Signaling Pathway That Regulates Chondrocyte Maturation during Skeletal Development.
M. Amling, L. Neff, S. Tanaka, D. Inoue, K. Kuida, E. Weir, W. M. Philbrick, A. E. Broadus, and R. Baron (1997)
J. Cell Biol. 136, 205-213
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-2 is required for cranial sensory neuron survival at defined stages of embryonic development.
L. Pinon, G Middleton, and A. Davies (1997)
Development 124, 4173-4178
   Abstract »    PDF »
Bax promotes neuronal cell death and is downregulated during the development of the nervous system.
K Vekrellis, M. McCarthy, A Watson, J Whitfield, L. Rubin, and J Ham (1997)
Development 124, 1239-1249
   Abstract »    PDF »
DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Is a Target for a CPP32-like Apoptotic Protease.
Z. Han, N. Malik, T. Carter, W. H. Reeves, J. H. Wyche, and E. A. Hendrickson (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 25035-25040
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-x(S) Antagonizes the Protective Effects of Bcl-x(L).
A. J. Minn, L. H. Boise, and C. B. Thompson (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 6306-6312
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bax promotes neuronal survival and antagonises the survival effects of neurotrophic factors.
G Middleton, G Nunez, and A. Davies (1996)
Development 122, 695-701
   Abstract »    PDF »
Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis..
E White (1996)
Genes & Dev. 10, 1-15
   PDF »
Bax-Deficient Mice with Lymphoid Hyperplasia and Male Germ Cell Death.
C. M. Knudson, K. S. K. Tung, W. G. Tourtellotte, G. A. J. Brown, and S. J. Korsmeyer (1995)
Science 270, 96-99
   Abstract »    PDF »
Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme.
K Kuida, J. Lippke, G Ku, M. Harding, D. Livingston, M. Su, and R. Flavell (1995)
Science 267, 2000-2003
   Abstract »    PDF »
Massive cell death of immature hematopoietic cells and neurons in Bcl-x-deficient mice.
N Motoyama, F Wang, K. Roth, H Sawa, K Nakayama, K Nakayama, I Negishi, S Senju, Q Zhang, S Fujii, et al. (1995)
Science 267, 1506-1510
   Abstract »    PDF »
Requirement for CD8 beta chain in positive selection of CD8-lineage T cells.
K Nakayama, K Nakayama, I Negishi, K Kuida, M. Louie, O Kanagawa, H Nakauchi, and D. Loh (1994)
Science 263, 1131-1133
   Abstract »    PDF »
bcl-XL is the major bcl-x mRNA form expressed during murine development and its product localizes to mitochondria.
M Gonzalez-Garcia, R Perez-Ballestero, L Ding, L Duan, L. Boise, C. Thompson, and G Nunez (1994)
Development 120, 3033-3042
   Abstract »    PDF »
Bcl-2 Gene Family and the Regulation of Programmed Cell Death.
X.-M. Yin, Z.N. Oltvai, D.J. Veis-Novack, G.P. Linette, and S.J. Korsmeyer (1994)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 59, 387-393
   Abstract »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)