Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.


Science 10 September 1993:
Vol. 261. no. 5127, pp. 1448 - 1451
DOI: 10.1126/science.8367726

Articles

Science, Vol 261, Issue 5127, 1448-1451
Copyright © 1993 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Helper T cells without CD4: control of leishmaniasis in CD4-deficient mice

RM Locksley, SL Reiner, F Hatam, DR Littman, and N Killeen

Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0654.

Expression of either the CD4 or CD8 glycoproteins discriminates two functionally distinct lineages of T lymphocytes. A null mutation in the gene encoding CD4 impairs the development of the helper cell lineage that is normally defined by CD4 expression. Infection of CD4-null mice with Leishmania has revealed a population of functional helper T cells that develops despite the absence of CD4. These CD8- alpha beta T cell receptor+ T cells are major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted and produce interferon-gamma when challenged with parasite antigens. These results indicate that T lymphocyte lineage commitment and peripheral function need not depend on the function of CD4.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Race between Retroviral Spread and CD4+ T-Cell Response Determines the Outcome of Acute Friend Virus Infection.
R. Pike, A. Filby, M. J.-Y. Ploquin, U. Eksmond, R. Marques, I. Antunes, K. Hasenkrug, and G. Kassiotis (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 11211-11222
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The receptor deformation model of TCR triggering.
Z. Ma, P. A. Janmey, and T. H. Finkel (2008)
FASEB J 22, 1002-1008
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of all CD4 T lineages requires nuclear factor TOX.
P. Aliahmad and J. Kaye (2008)
J. Exp. Med. 205, 245-256
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD4+ Cells Play a Limited Role in Murine Lung Infection with Mycobacterium kansasii.
C. W. Wieland, S. Florquin, J. M. Pater, S. Weijer, and T. van der Poll (2006)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 34, 167-173
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular, Cellular, and Antigen Requirements for Development of Age-Associated T Cell Clonal Expansions In Vivo.
I. Messaoudi, J. Warner, D. Nikolich-Zugich, M. Fischer, and J. Nikolich-Zugich (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 301-308
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NK Cells Help To Induce CD8+-T-Cell Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii in the Absence of CD4+ T Cells.
C. L. Combe, T. J. Curiel, M. M. Moretto, and I. A. Khan (2005)
Infect. Immun. 73, 4913-4921
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD4-CD8- T cells control intracellular bacterial infections both in vitro and in vivo.
S. C. Cowley, E. Hamilton, J. A. Frelinger, J. Su, J. Forman, and K. L. Elkins (2005)
J. Exp. Med. 202, 309-319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Role of Host CD4 T Cells in the Pathogenesis of the Chronic Graft-versus-Host Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
A. Choudhury, M. A. Maldonado, P. L. Cohen, and R. A. Eisenberg (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 7600-7609
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Restrain Pathogenic Responses during Leishmania amazonensis Infection.
J. Ji, J. Masterson, J. Sun, and L. Soong (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 7147-7153
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coevolution of TCR-MHC interactions: Conserved MHC tertiary structure is not sufficient for interactions with the TCR.
H.-J. Kim, D. Guo, and D. B. Sant'Angelo (2005)
PNAS 102, 7263-7267
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Subversion Mechanisms by Which Leishmania Parasites Can Escape the Host Immune Response: a Signaling Point of View.
M. Olivier, D. J. Gregory, and G. Forget (2005)
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18, 293-305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulating Protective Immunity in Atherosclerosis.
J. Nilsson (2005)
Circ. Res. 96, 395-397
   Full Text »    PDF »
An antagonist peptide mediates positive selection and CD4 lineage commitment of MHC class II-restricted T cells in the absence of CD4.
H. Kao and P. M. Allen (2005)
J. Exp. Med. 201, 149-158
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Characterization of MHC Class II-Restricted CD8+CD4- and CD8-CD4- T Cell Responses to Infection in CD4-/- Mice.
E. L. Pearce, D. J. Shedlock, and H. Shen (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 2494-2499
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced Tumor Responses to Dendritic Cells in the Absence of CD8-Positive Cells.
A. Ribas, J. A. Wargo, B. Comin-Anduix, S. Sanetti, L. Y. Schumacher, C. McLean, V. B. Dissette, J. A. Glaspy, W. H. McBride, L. H. Butterfield, et al. (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 4762-4769
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lutzomyia longipalpis Salivary Gland Homogenate Impairs Cytokine Production and Costimulatory Molecule Expression on Human Monocytes and Dendritic Cells.
D. J. Costa, C. Favali, J. Clarencio, L. Afonso, V. Conceicao, J. C. Miranda, R. G. Titus, J. Valenzuela, M. Barral-Netto, A. Barral, et al. (2004)
Infect. Immun. 72, 1298-1305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The CD8 Population in CD4-deficient Mice Is Heavily Contaminated with MHC Class II-restricted T Cells.
A. J. Tyznik, J. C. Sun, and M. J. Bevan (2004)
J. Exp. Med. 199, 559-565
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Contribution of Antigen-Primed CD8+ T Cells to the Development of Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation Is Associated with IL-13.
N. Miyahara, K. Takeda, T. Kodama, A. Joetham, C. Taube, J.-W. Park, S. Miyahara, A. Balhorn, A. Dakhama, and E. W. Gelfand (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 2549-2558
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Leishmania pifanoi Pathogenesis: Selective Lack of a Local Cutaneous Response in the Absence of Circulating Antibody.
M. Colmenares, S. L. Constant, P. E. Kima, and D. McMahon-Pratt (2002)
Infect. Immun. 70, 6597-6605
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD8+-T-Cell Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii Can Be Induced but Not Maintained in Mice Lacking Conventional CD4+ T Cells.
L. Casciotti, K. H. Ely, M. E. Williams, and I. A. Khan (2002)
Infect. Immun. 70, 434-443
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Allergic Inflammatory Response to Short Ragweed Allergenic Extract in HLA-DQ Transgenic Mice Lacking CD4 Gene.
S. P. Chapoval, K. Iijima, E. V. Marietta, M. K. Smart, A. I. Chapoval, A. G. Andrews, and C. S. David (2002)
J. Immunol. 168, 890-899
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{alpha}{beta} T Cell Receptor-positive Cells and Interferon-{gamma}, but not Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, Are Critical for Granuloma Necrosis in a Mouse Model of Mycobacteria-induced Pulmonary Immunopathology.
S. Ehlers, J. Benini, H.-D. Held, C. Roeck, G. Alber, and S. Uhlig (2001)
J. Exp. Med. 194, 1847-1859
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Homeostatic Competition Among T Cells Revealed by Conditional Inactivation of the Mouse Cd4 Gene.
Q. Wang, J. Strong, and N. Killeen (2001)
J. Exp. Med. 194, 1721-1730
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD4 Promotes Breadth in the TCR Repertoire.
Q. Wang, L. Malherbe, D. Zhang, K. Zingler, N. Glaichenhaus, and N. Killeen (2001)
J. Immunol. 167, 4311-4320
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
B Cell Immunodeficiency Fails to Develop in CD4-Deficient Mice Infected with BM5: Murine AIDS as a Multistep Disease.
D. P. Harris, S. Koch, L. M. Mullen, and S. L. Swain (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 6041-6049
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD8- and CD95/95L-Dependent Mechanisms of Resistance in Mice with Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
J. Turner, C. D. D'Souza, J. E. Pearl, P. Marietta, M. Noel, A. A. Frank, R. Appelberg, I. M. Orme, and A. M. Cooper (2001)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 24, 203-209
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Lack of CD4+ T Cells Does Not Affect Induction of CD8+ T-Cell Immunity against Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection.
M. Moretto, L. Casciotti, B. Durell, and I. A. Khan (2000)
Infect. Immun. 68, 6223-6232
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD4 Help-Independent Induction of Cytotoxic CD8 Cells to Allogeneic P815 Tumor Cells Is Absolutely Dependent on Costimulation.
Y. Zhan, A. J. Corbett, J. L. Brady, R. M. Sutherland, and A. M. Lew (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 3612-3619
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Early Growth Response (Egr)-1 Gene Induction in the Thymus in Response to TCR Ligation During Early Steps in Positive Selection Is Not Required for CD8 Lineage Commitment.
M. A. Basson, T. J. Wilson, G. A. Legname, N. Sarner, P. D. Tomlinson, V. L. J. Tybulewicz, and R. Zamoyska (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 2444-2450
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Depletion of Cd4+ T Cells Causes Reactivation of Murine Persistent Tuberculosis despite Continued Expression of Interferon {gamma} and Nitric Oxide Synthase 2.
C. A. Scanga, V.P. Mohan, K. Yu, H. Joseph, K. Tanaka, J. Chan, and J. L. Flynn (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 192, 347-358
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Requirements for the Maintenance of Th1 Immunity In Vivo Following DNA Vaccination: A Potential Immunoregulatory Role for CD8+ T Cells.
S. Gurunathan, L. Stobie, C. Prussin, D. L. Sacks, N. Glaichenhaus, D. J. Fowell, R. M. Locksley, J. T. Chang, C.-Y. Wu, and R. A. Seder (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 915-924
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The SA85-1.1 Protein of the Trypanosoma cruzi trans-Sialidase Superfamily Is a Dominant T-Cell Antigen.
A. E. Millar and S. J. Kahn (2000)
Infect. Immun. 68, 3574-3580
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of CD4+ T-Cell-Independent Immunoglobulin Responses by Inactivated Influenza Virus.
Z. Sha and R. W. Compans (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 4999-5005
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Repertoire Requirements of CD4+ T Cells That Prevent Spontaneous Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
D. Olivares-Villagomez, A. K. Wensky, Y. Wang, and J. J. Lafaille (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 5499-5507
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Relative contributions of distinct MHC class I-dependent cell populations in protection to tuberculosis infection in mice.
A. O. Sousa, R. J. Mazzaccaro, R. G. Russell, F. K. Lee, O. C. Turner, S. Hong, L. Van Kaer, and B. R. Bloom (2000)
PNAS 97, 4204-4208
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha-Deficient BALB/c Mice Show an Unimpaired T Helper 2 Polarization in Response to Leishmania major Infection.
M. Mohrs, C. Holscher, and F. Brombacher (2000)
Infect. Immun. 68, 1773-1780
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are involved in protection against HSV-1 induced corneal scarring.
H. Ghiasi, S. Cai, G.-C. Perng, A. B Nesburn, and S. L Wechsler (2000)
Br J Ophthalmol 84, 408-412
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Nitric Oxide and the Th2 Response Combine to Prevent Severe Hepatic Damage During Schistosoma mansoni Infection.
L. R. Brunet, M. Beall, D. W. Dunne, and E. J. Pearce (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 4976-4984
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lymphocyte Deficiencies Increase Susceptibility to Friend Virus-Induced Erythroleukemia in Fv-2 Genetically Resistant Mice.
K. J. Hasenkrug (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 6468-6473
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Th Cells and Th2 Responses Can Develop in the Absence of MHC Class II-CD4 Interactions.
A. Wack, P. Corbella, N. Harker, K. Roderick, T. Norton, K. Williams, O. Williams, and D. Kioussis (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 1162-1169
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD8+ CTLs Are Essential for Protective Immunity Against Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection.
I. A. Khan, J. D. Schwartzman, L. H. Kasper, and M. Moretto (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 6086-6091
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mice Deficient in CD4 T Cells Have Only Transiently Diminished Levels of IFN-{gamma}, Yet Succumb to Tuberculosis.
A. M. Caruso, N. Serbina, E. Klein, K. Triebold, B. R. Bloom, and J. L. Flynn (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 5407-5416
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Augmentation of the CD8+ T Cell Response by IFN-{gamma} in IL-12-Deficient Mice During Toxoplasma gondii Infection.
K. H. Ely, L. H. Kasper, and I. A. Khan (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 5449-5454
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Gamma Interferon in Cellular Immune Response against Murine Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection.
I. A. Khan and M. Moretto (1999)
Infect. Immun. 67, 1887-1893
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Outcome of Primary Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, as Analyzed in Genetically Modified Mice.
M. E. Rottenberg, A. C. Gigliotti Rothfuchs, D. Gigliotti, C. Svanholm, L. Bandholtz, and H. Wigzell (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 2829-2836
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Alterations in CD4-Binding Regions of the MHC Class II Molecule I-Ek Do Not Impede CD4+ T Cell Development.
D. Yelon, K. L. Schaefer, and L. J. Berg (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 1348-1358
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Leishmania species: models of intracellular parasitism.
J Alexander, A. Satoskar, and D. Russell (1999)
J. Cell Sci. 112, 2993-3002
   Abstract »    PDF »
Visualization of CD4/CD8 T Cell Commitment.
S. Chan, M. Correia-Neves, A. Dierich, C. Benoist, and D. Mathis (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 188, 2321-2333
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coreceptor-Independent T Cell Activation in Mice Expressing MHC Class II Molecules Mutated in the CD4 Binding Domain.
E. A. Mostaghel, J. M. Riberdy, D. A. Steeber, and C. Doyle (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 6559-6566
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Selection and Function of CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Transgenic Mice Expressing Mutant MHC Class II Molecules Deficient in Their Interaction with CD4.
S. Gilfillan, X. Shen, and R. Konig3 (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 6629-6637
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulatory CD4+ T Cells Expressing Endogenous T Cell Receptor Chains Protect Myelin Basic Protein-specific Transgenic Mice from Spontaneous Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
D. Olivares-Villagomez, Y. Wang, and J. J. Lafaille (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 188, 1883-1894
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Role of Lymphocyte Subsets in Accelerated Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic-Rat Insulin Promoter-B7-1 (NOD-RIP-B7-1) Mice.
F. Susan Wong, I. Visintin, L. Wen, J. Granata, R. Flavell, and C. A. Janeway Jr. (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 1985-1993
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD40 Ligand Is Not Essential for Induction of Type 1 Cytokine Responses or Protective Immunity after Primary or Secondary Infection With Histoplasma capsulatum.
P. Zhou and R. A. Seder (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 1315-1324
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Disruption of the CD4-major histocompatibility complex class II interaction blocks the development of CD4+ T cells in vivo.
J. M. Riberdy, E. Mostaghel, and C. Doyle (1998)
PNAS 95, 4493-4498
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cutting Edge: A Critical, Invariant Chain-Independent Role for H2-M in Antigen Presentation.
K. Swier, D. R. Brown2, J. J. Bird, W. D. Martin, L. V. Kaer, and S. L. Reiner (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 540-544
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Level of CD4 Surface Protein Influences T Cell Selection in the Thymus.
G. D. Frank and J. R. Parnes (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 634-642
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Control of Leishmania major by a Monoclonal {alpha}{beta} T Cell Repertoire.
S. L. Reiner, D. J. Fowell, N. H. Moskowitz, K. Swier, D. R. Brown, C. R. Brown, C. W. Turck, P. A. Scott2, N. Killeen, and R. M. Locksley3 (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 884-889
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vaccination with DNA Encoding the Immunodominant LACK Parasite Antigen Confers Protective Immunity to Mice Infected with Leishmania major.
S. Gurunathan, D. L. Sacks, D. R. Brown, S. L. Reiner, H. Charest, N. Glaichenhaus, and R. A. Seder (1997)
J. Exp. Med. 186, 1137-1147
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Role for CD4 in Peripheral T Cell Differentiation.
D. R. Brown, N. H. Moskowitz, N. Killeen, and S. L. Reiner (1997)
J. Exp. Med. 186, 101-107
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T Helper Subset Differentiation in the Absence of Invariant Chain.
D. R. Brown, K. Swier, N. H. Moskowitz, M. F. Naujokas, R. M. Locksley, and S. L. Reiner (1997)
J. Exp. Med. 185, 31-42
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression cloning of a protective Leishmania antigen.
E Mougneau, F Altare, A. Wakil, S Zheng, T Coppola, Z. Wang, R Waldmann, R. Locksley, and N Glaichenhaus (1995)
Science 268, 563-566
   Abstract »    PDF »
A subset of CD4+ thymocytes selected by MHC class I molecules.
A Bendelac, N Killeen, D. Littman, and R. Schwartz (1994)
Science 263, 1774-1778
   Abstract »    PDF »
Impaired survival of T helper cells in the absence of CD4.
J. Strong, Q. Wang, and N. Killeen (2001)
PNAS 98, 2566-2571
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)