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Science 18 June 1993:
Vol. 260. no. 5115, pp. 1794 - 1796
DOI: 10.1126/science.260.5115.1794
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Articles
Catastrophic Volcanic Collapse: Relation to Hydrothermal Processes
Dina L. López 1 and
Stanley N. Williams 2
1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
2 Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
Catastrophic volcanic collapse, without precursory magmatic activity, is characteristic of many volcanic disasters. The extent and locations of hydrothermal discharges at Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, suggest that at many volcanoes collapse may result from the interactions between hydrothermal fluids and the volcanic edifice. Rock dissolution and hydrothermal mineral alteration, combined with physical triggers such as earth-quakes, can produce volcanic collapse. Hot spring water compositions, residence times, and flow paths through faults were used to model potential collapse at Ruiz. Caldera dimensions, deposits, and alteration mineral volumes are consistent with parameters observed at other volcanoes.
Submitted on December 17, 1992
Accepted on April 22, 1993
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