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Science 9 April 1993:
Vol. 260. no. 5105, pp. 232 - 234
DOI: 10.1126/science.8469975
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Articles

Science, Vol 260, Issue 5105, 232-234
Copyright © 1993 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Force of single kinesin molecules measured with optical tweezers

SC Kuo and MP Sheetz

Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.

Isometric forces generated by single molecules of the mechanochemical enzyme kinesin were measured with a laser-induced, single-beam optical gradient trap, also known as optical tweezers. For the microspheres used in this study, the optical tweezers was spring-like for a radius of 100 nanometers and had a maximum force region at a radius of approximately 150 nanometers. With the use of biotinylated microtubules and special streptavidin-coated latex microspheres as handles, microtubule translocation by single squid kinesin molecules was reversibly stalled. The stalled microtubules escaped optical trapping forces of 1.9 +/- 0.4 piconewtons. The ability to measure force parameters of single macromolecules now allows direct testing of molecular models for contractility.


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