Related Content
Search Google Scholar for:
|
|
Science 31 January 1992: Vol. 255. no. 5044, pp. 556 - 559 DOI: 10.1126/science.1736359
|
|
Articles
Science, Vol 255, Issue 5044, 556-559
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
Working memory
A Baddeley
Medical Research Council, Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
The term working memory refers to a brain system that provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for such complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning, and reasoning. This definition has evolved from the concept of a unitary short-term memory system. Working memory has been found to require the simultaneous storage and processing of information. It can be divided into the following three subcomponents: (i) the central executive, which is assumed to be an attentional-controlling system, is important in skills such as chess playing and is particularly susceptible to the effects of Alzheimer's disease; and two slave systems, namely (ii) the visuospatial sketch pad, which manipulates visual images and (iii) the phonological loop, which stores and rehearses speech-based information and is necessary for the acquisition of both native and second-language vocabulary.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
- Working Memory, Cues, and Wayfinding in Older Women.
- R. L. Davis, B. A. Therrien, and B. T. West (2009)
Journal of Applied Gerontology
28, 743-767
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Sensory Processing in Schizophrenia: Neither Simple nor Intact.
- D. C. Javitt (2009)
Schizophr Bull
35, 1059-1064
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Speech experience shapes the speechreading network and subsequent deafness facilitates it.
- M.-W. Suh, H.-J. Lee, J. S. Kim, C. K. Chung, and S.-H. Oh (2009)
Brain
132, 2761-2771
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Rhythm Reproduction in Kindergarten, Reading Performance at Second Grade, and Developmental Dyslexia Theories.
- G. Dellatolas, L. Watier, M.-T. Le Normand, T. Lubart, and C. Chevrie-Muller (2009)
Arch Clin Neuropsychol
24, 555-563
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Dual-Task Gait Performance Among Community-Dwelling Senior Women: The Role of Balance Confidence and Executive Functions.
- T. Liu-Ambrose, L. A. Katarynych, M. C. Ashe, L. S. Nagamatsu, and C. L. Hsu (2009)
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
64A, 975-982
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- The Brain of Opera Singers: Experience-Dependent Changes in Functional Activation.
- B. Kleber, R. Veit, N. Birbaumer, J. Gruzelier, and M. Lotze (2009)
Cereb Cortex
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Maternal Scaffolding and Preterm Toddlers' Visual-Spatial Processing and Emerging Working Memory.
- J. Dilworth-Bart, J. Poehlmann, A. E Hilgendorf, K. Miller, and H. Lambert (2009)
J. Pediatr. Psychol.
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Individual Differences in Route-Learning Strategy and Associated Working Memory Resources.
- C. L. Baldwin and I. Reagan (2009)
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
51, 368-377
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Neural Signatures of Stimulus Features in Visual Working Memory--A Spatiotemporal Approach.
- H. M. Morgan, M. C. Jackson, C. Klein, H. Mohr, K. L. Shapiro, and D. E. J. Linden (2009)
Cereb Cortex
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- An fMRI Study of Functional Abnormalities in the Verbal Working Memory System and the Relationship to Clinical Symptoms in Chronic Schizophrenia.
- R.-i. Hashimoto, K. Lee, A. Preus, R. W. McCarley, and C. G. Wible (2009)
Cereb Cortex
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Striatal Dopamine and Working Memory.
- S. M. Landau, R. Lal, J. P. O'Neil, S. Baker, and W. J. Jagust (2009)
Cereb Cortex
19, 445-454
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Working Memory-Related Hippocampal Deactivation Interferes with Long-Term Memory Formation.
- N. Axmacher, C. E. Elger, and J. Fell (2009)
J. Neurosci.
29, 1052-1060
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Disconnection as a mechanism for cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
- R. A. Dineen, J. Vilisaar, J. Hlinka, C. M. Bradshaw, P. S. Morgan, C. S. Constantinescu, and D. P. Auer (2009)
Brain
132, 239-249
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Stuttering and Natural Speech Processing of Semantic and Syntactic Constraints on Verbs.
- C. Weber-Fox and A. Hampton (2008)
J Speech Lang Hear Res
51, 1058-1071
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Cortical Mechanisms of Speech Perception in Noise.
- P. C. M. Wong, A. K. Uppunda, T. B. Parrish, and S. Dhar (2008)
J Speech Lang Hear Res
51, 1026-1041
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- The Prefrontal Cortex: Functional Neural Development During Early Childhood.
- S. Tsujimoto (2008)
Neuroscientist
14, 345-358
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Stressing the mind: The effect of cognitive load and articulatory suppression on attentional guidance from working memory.
- D. SOTO and G. W. HUMPHREYS (2008)
Atten Percept Psychophys
70, 924-934
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Cognitive Control, Goal Maintenance, and Prefrontal Function in Healthy Aging.
- J. L. Paxton, D. M. Barch, C. A. Racine, and T. S. Braver (2008)
Cereb Cortex
18, 1010-1028
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Multiple Sclerosis, Cannabinoids, and Cognition.
- P. Papathanasopoulos, L. Messinis, E. Lyros, A. Kastellakis, and G. Panagis (2008)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
20, 36-51
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Lessons Learned From Instructional Design Theory: an Application in Management Education.
- L. A. Burke (2007)
Business Communication Quarterly
70, 414-430
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Working Memory Specific Activity in Auditory Cortex: Potential Correlates of Sequential Processing and Maintenance.
- A. Brechmann, B. Gaschler-Markefski, M. Sohr, K. Yoneda, T. Kaulisch, and H. Scheich (2007)
Cereb Cortex
17, 2544-2552
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Unconscious and conscious contributions to the emotional and cognitive aspects of emotions: a comment on Scherer's view of what an emotion is.
- J. LeDoux (2007)
Social Science Information
46, 395-405
| PDF »
- Persistent Discharges in the Prefrontal Cortex of Monkeys Naive to Working Memory Tasks.
- T. Meyer, X.-L. Qi, and C. Constantinidis (2007)
Cereb Cortex
17, i70-i76
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Selective involvement of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the coding of the serial order of visual stimuli in working memory.
- C. Amiez and M. Petrides (2007)
PNAS
104, 13786-13791
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Relative Glucose Metabolic Rate Higher in White Matter in Patients With Schizophrenia.
- M. S. Buchsbaum, B. R. Buchsbaum, E. A. Hazlett, M. M. Haznedar, R. Newmark, C. Y. Tang, and P. R. Hof (2007)
Am J Psychiatry
164, 1072-1081
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Plasticity of the Primate Prefrontal Cortex.
- S. Kuboshima-Amemori and T. Sawaguchi (2007)
Neuroscientist
13, 229-240
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- A Common Prefrontal-Parietal Network for Mnemonic and Mathematical Recoding Strategies within Working Memory.
- D. Bor and A. M. Owen (2007)
Cereb Cortex
17, 778-786
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Ascending digits task as a measure of executive function in geriatric depression..
- H. I. Sair, K. A. Welsh-Bohmer, H. R. Wagner, and D. C. Steffens (2006)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
18, 117-120
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Neural System for Controlling the Contents of Object Working Memory in Humans.
- J. K. Roth, J. T. Serences, and S. M. Courtney (2006)
Cereb Cortex
16, 1595-1603
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Reversal of brain injury-induced prefrontal glutamic acid decarboxylase expression and working memory deficits by D1 receptor antagonism..
- N. Kobori and P. K. Dash (2006)
J. Neurosci.
26, 4236-4246
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Effect of memory support and elicited production on fast mapping of new words by adolescents with down syndrome..
- R. S. Chapman, H. Sindberg, C. Bridge, K. Gigstead, and L. Hesketh (2006)
J Speech Lang Hear Res
49, 3-15
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Understanding and enhancing visualizations: Two models of collaboration between earth science and cognitive science.
- D. N. Rapp and D. H. Uttal (2006)
Geological Society of America Special Papers
413, 121-127
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Meeting Expectations? An Empirical Investigation of a Standards-Based Assessment of Reading Comprehension.
- A. A. Rupp and N. K. Lesaux (2006)
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
28, 315-333
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Assessing the Working Memory Abilities of ADHD Children Using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition.
- C. W. Marusiak and H. L. Janzen (2005)
Canadian Journal of School Psychology
20, 84-97
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Material-dependent Activation in Prefrontal Cortex: Working Memory for Letters and Texture Patterns--Initial Observations.
- M. Binder and A. S. Urbanik (2005)
Radiology
238, 256-263
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Damage within a network of white matter regions underlies executive dysfunction in CADASIL.
- M. O'Sullivan, T. R. Barrick, R. G. Morris, C. A. Clark, and H. S. Markus (2005)
Neurology
65, 1584-1590
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Neuropsychological Performance in Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Importance of Working Memory.
- V. Mitropoulou, P. D. Harvey, G. Zegarelli, A. S. New, J. M. Silverman, and L. J. Siever (2005)
Am J Psychiatry
162, 1896-1903
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- The Functional and Temporal Characteristics of Top-down Modulation in Visual Selection.
- M. Rose, C. Schmid, A. Winzen, T. Sommer, and C. Buchel (2005)
Cereb Cortex
15, 1290-1298
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Brief cognitive assessment for patients with cerebral small vessel disease.
- M O'Sullivan, R G Morris, and H S Markus (2005)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
76, 1140-1145
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Evidence for Sustained Attention and Working Memory in Schizophrenia Sharing a Common Mechanism.
- H. Silver and P. Feldman (2005)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
17, 391-398
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Functionally Segregated Neural Substrates for Arbitrary Audiovisual Paired-Association Learning.
- H. C. Tanabe, M. Honda, and N. Sadato (2005)
J. Neurosci.
25, 6409-6418
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Common Encoding of Novel Dynamic Loads Applied to the Hand and Arm.
- P. R. Davidson, D. M. Wolpert, S. H. Scott, and J. R. Flanagan (2005)
J. Neurosci.
25, 5425-5429
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Distinct prefrontal molecular mechanisms for information storage lasting seconds versus minutes.
- J. D. Runyan and P. K. Dash (2005)
Learn. Mem.
12, 232-238
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- New insights into the anatomo-functional connectivity of the semantic system: a study using cortico-subcortical electrostimulations.
- H. Duffau, P. Gatignol, E. Mandonnet, P. Peruzzi, N. Tzourio-Mazoyer, and L. Capelle (2005)
Brain
128, 797-810
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- A role for prefrontal calcium-sensitive protein phosphatase and kinase activities in working memory.
- J. D. Runyan, A. N. Moore, and P. K. Dash (2005)
Learn. Mem.
12, 103-110
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Positive Evidence against Human Hippocampal Involvement in Working Memory Maintenance of Familiar Stimuli.
- E. Zarahn, B. Rakitin, D. Abela, J. Flynn, and Y. Stern (2005)
Cereb Cortex
15, 303-316
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- A Neural Circuit Basis for Spatial Working Memory.
- C. Constantinidis and X.-J. Wang (2004)
Neuroscientist
10, 553-565
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Distinct Frontal Regions Subserve Evaluation of Linguistic and Emotional Aspects of Speech Intonation.
- D. Wildgruber, I. Hertrich, A. Riecker, M. Erb, S. Anders, W. Grodd, and H. Ackermann (2004)
Cereb Cortex
14, 1384-1389
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- ENT and Speech Disorders in Children with Down's Syndrome: an Overview of Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Treatments, and Current Management.
- F. Venail, Q. Gardiner, and M. Mondain (2004)
Clinical Pediatrics
43, 783-791
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Prefrontal Cortical Activation Associated with Working Memory in Adults and Preschool Children: An Event-related Optical Topography Study.
- S. Tsujimoto, T. Yamamoto, H. Kawaguchi, H. Koizumi, and T. Sawaguchi (2004)
Cereb Cortex
14, 703-712
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Diffusion tensor imaging of thalamus correlates with cognition in CADASIL without dementia.
- M. O'Sullivan, S. Singhal, R. Charlton, and H. S. Markus (2004)
Neurology
62, 702-707
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Numerical Distraction Therapy: Initial Assessment of a Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
- J. S. Isaacs (2004)
Traumatology
10, 39-54
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Magnitude of Dopamine Release in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Accuracy of Memory on a Delayed Response Task.
- A. G. Phillips, S. Ahn, and S. B. Floresco (2004)
J. Neurosci.
24, 547-553
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Neural Substrates Mediating Human Delay and Trace Fear Conditioning.
- D. C. Knight, D. T. Cheng, C. N. Smith, E. A. Stein, and F. J. Helmstetter (2004)
J. Neurosci.
24, 218-228
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Functional Brain Mapping of the Macaque Related to Spatial Working Memory as Revealed by PET.
- M. Inoue, A. Mikami, I. Ando, and H. Tsukada (2004)
Cereb Cortex
14, 106-119
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Interindividual Differences in Functional Interactions among Prefrontal, Parietal and Parahippocampal Regions during Working Memory.
- M. F. Glabus, B. Horwitz, J. L. Holt, P. D. Kohn, B. K. Gerton, J. H. Callicott, A. Meyer-Lindenberg, and K. F. Berman (2003)
Cereb Cortex
13, 1352-1361
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Temporally Irregular Mnemonic Persistent Activity in Prefrontal Neurons of Monkeys During a Delayed Response Task.
- A. Compte,, C. Constantinidis, J. Tegner, S. Raghavachari, M. V. Chafee, P. S. Goldman-Rakic, and X.-J. Wang (2003)
J Neurophysiol
90, 3441-3454
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Working Memory Deficit as a Core Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.
- H. Silver, P. Feldman, W. Bilker, and R. C. Gur (2003)
Am J Psychiatry
160, 1809-1816
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Functional Disconnection Between the Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices During Working Memory Processing in Schizophrenia: A [15O]H2O PET Study.
- J.-J. Kim, J. S. Kwon, H. J. Park, T. Youn, D. H. Kang, M. S. Kim, D. S. Lee, and M. C. Lee (2003)
Am J Psychiatry
160, 919-923
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Evidence for Unexpected Weaknesses in Learning in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Without Reading Disabilities.
- L. E. Cutting, C. W. Koth, E. M. Mahone, and M. B. Denckla (2003)
J Learn Disabil
36, 259-269
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Pyramidal Neuron Local Axon Terminals in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex: Differential Targeting of Subclasses of GABA Neurons.
- D. S. Melchitzky and D. A. Lewis (2003)
Cereb Cortex
13, 452-460
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- A Truly Simultaneous Combination of Functional Transcranial Doppler Sonography and H215O PET Adds Fundamental New Information on Differences in Cognitive Activation Between Schizophrenics and Healthy Control Subjects.
- O. Sabri, A. Owega, M. Schreckenberger, L. Sturz, B. Fimm, P. Kunert, P. T. Meyer, D. Sander, and J. Klingelhofer (2003)
J. Nucl. Med.
44, 671-681
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Progress in the Simulation of Emergent Communication and Language.
- K. Wagner, J. A. Reggia, J. Uriagereka, and G. S. Wilkinson (2003)
Adaptive Behavior
11, 37-69
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Age-Related Impairments in Comprehending Affective Prosody with Comparison to Brain-Damaged Subjects.
- D. M. Orbelo, J. A. Testa, and E. D. Ross (2003)
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol
16, 44-52
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Sensory, Cognitive, and Linguistic Factors in the Early Academic Performance of Elementary School Children: The Benton-IU Project.
- C. S. Watson, G. R. Kidd, D. G. Horner, P. J. Connell, A. Lowther, D. A. Eddins, G. Krueger, D. A. Goss, B. B. Rainey, M. D. Gospel, et al. (2003)
J Learn Disabil
36, 165-197
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Impairments in Perceptual Competency and Maintenance on a Visual Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in First-Episode Schizophrenia.
- T. Lencz, R. M. Bilder, E. Turkel, R. S. Goldman, D. Robinson, J. M. Kane, and J. A. Lieberman (2003)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
60, 238-243
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Moderate hypoglycaemia obliterates working memory in humans with and without insulin treated diabetes.
- I J Deary, A J Sommerfield, V McAulay, and B M Frier (2003)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
74, 278-279
| Full Text »
- Audiospatial and Visuospatial Working Memory in 6-13 Year Old School Children.
- V. Vuontela, M.-R. Steenari, S. Carlson, J. Koivisto, M. Fjallberg, and E. T. Aronen (2003)
Learn. Mem.
10, 74-81
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Toward Clinical Application of Neuropsychological Activation Probes with SPECT: A Spatial Working Memory Task.
- I. Goethals, K. Audenaert, F. Jacobs, C. Van De Wiele, G. Vermeir, A. Vandierendonck, C. Van Heeringen, and R. Dierckx (2002)
J. Nucl. Med.
43, 1426-1431
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- The neurology of social cognition.
- A. Bechara (2002)
Brain
125, 1673-1675
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Analyzing Digit Span Components for Assessment of Attention Processes.
- J. B. Hale, J.-A. B. Hoeppner, and C. A. Fiorello (2002)
Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment
20, 128-143
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Memory performance in panic disorder patients after chronic use of clomipramine.
- S. C. de Carvalho, T. Marcourakis, R. Artes, and C. Gorenstein (2002)
J Psychopharmacol
16, 220-226
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Context and content visuals and performance on listening comprehension stimuli.
- A. Ginther (2002)
Language Testing
19, 133-167
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Visual Perceptual and Working Memory Impairments in Schizophrenia.
- C. Tek, J. Gold, T. Blaxton, C. Wilk, R. P. McMahon, and R. W. Buchanan (2002)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
59, 146-153
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Effects of Domain-specific Interference on Brain Activation Associated with Verbal Working Memory Task Performance.
- O. Gruber (2001)
Cereb Cortex
11, 1047-1055
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Prefrontal Cortical Representation of Visuospatial Working Memory in Monkeys Examined by Local Inactivation With Muscimol.
- T. Sawaguchi and M. Iba (2001)
J Neurophysiol
86, 2041-2053
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Working memory of school-aged children with a history of febrile convulsions: A population study.
- Y. C. Chang, N. W. Guo, S. T. Wang, C.C. Huang, and J.J. Tsai (2001)
Neurology
57, 37-42
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Positive Modulation of alpha -Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole Propionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors in Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neurons by a Novel Allosteric Potentiator.
- P. J. Baumbarger, M. Muhlhauser, J. Zhai, C. R. Yang, and E. S. Nisenbaum (2001)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
298, 86-102
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
- Parieto-frontal Interactions in Visual-object and Visual-spatial Working Memory: Evidence from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
- M. Oliveri, P. Turriziani, G.A. Carlesimo, G. Koch, F. Tomaiuolo, M. Panella, and C. Caltagirone (2001)
Cereb Cortex
11, 606-618
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Dissociating Neural Correlates of Cognitive Components in Mental Calculation.
- O. Gruber, P. Indefrey, H. Steinmetz, and A. Kleinschmidt (2001)
Cereb Cortex
11, 350-359
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Conjoint and Extended Neural Networks for the Computation of Speech Codes: The Neural Basis of Selective Impairment in Reading Words and Pseudowords.
- B. Xu, J. Grafman, W. D. Gaillard, K. Ishii, F. Vega-Bermudez, P. Pietrini, P. Reeves-Tyer, P. DiCamillo, and W. Theodore (2001)
Cereb Cortex
11, 267-277
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- A Reconceptualization of Learning Disabilities via a Self-Organizing Systems Paradigm.
- D. Aloyzy Zera (2001)
J Learn Disabil
34, 79-94
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Stability of the preclinical episodic memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease.
- L. Backman, B. J. Small, and L. Fratiglioni (2001)
Brain
124, 96-102
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- The Association Between Age and Health Literacy Among Elderly Persons.
- D. W. Baker, J. A. Gazmararian, J. Sudano, and M. Patterson (2000)
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci.
55, 368S-374
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
- Activation of language cortex with automatic speech tasks.
- S. Y. Bookheimer, T. A. Zeffiro, T. A. Blaxton, W. Gaillard, and W. H. Theodore (2000)
Neurology
55, 1151-1157
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Neurophysiological Measures of Working Memory and Individual Differences in Cognitive Ability and Cognitive Style.
- A. Gevins and M. E. Smith (2000)
Cereb Cortex
10, 829-839
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive Saccadic Eye Movements.
- O. Hikosaka, Y. Takikawa, and R. Kawagoe (2000)
Physiol Rev
80, 953-978
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Impaired cognitive performance in drug free users of recreational ecstasy (MDMA).
- E. Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, J. Daumann, F. Tuchtenhagen, S. Pelz, S. Becker, H.-J. Kunert, B. Fimm, and H. Sass (2000)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
68, 719-725
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
|
|