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Science 31 January 1992:
Vol. 255. no. 5044, pp. 556 - 559
DOI: 10.1126/science.1736359

Articles

Science, Vol 255, Issue 5044, 556-559
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Working memory

A Baddeley

Medical Research Council, Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

The term working memory refers to a brain system that provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for such complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning, and reasoning. This definition has evolved from the concept of a unitary short-term memory system. Working memory has been found to require the simultaneous storage and processing of information. It can be divided into the following three subcomponents: (i) the central executive, which is assumed to be an attentional-controlling system, is important in skills such as chess playing and is particularly susceptible to the effects of Alzheimer's disease; and two slave systems, namely (ii) the visuospatial sketch pad, which manipulates visual images and (iii) the phonological loop, which stores and rehearses speech-based information and is necessary for the acquisition of both native and second-language vocabulary.


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