Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Science Signaling - Call For Papers

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 1 November 1991:
Vol. 254. no. 5032, pp. 679 - 683
DOI: 10.1126/science.1948047
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 254, Issue 5032, 679-683
Copyright © 1991 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Molecular basis of gating charge immobilization in Shaker potassium channels

F Bezanilla, E Perozo, DM Papazian, and E Stefani

Department of Physiology, UCLA School of Medicine 90024.

Voltage-dependent ion channels respond to changes in the membrane potential by means of charged voltage sensors intrinsic to the channel protein. Changes in transmembrane potential cause movement of these charged residues, which results in conformational changes in the channel. Movements of the charged sensors can be detected as currents known as gating currents. Measurement of the gating currents of the Drosophila Shaker potassium channel indicates that the charge on the voltage sensor of the channels is progressively immobilized by prolonged depolarizations. The charge is not immobilized in a mutant of the channel that lacks inactivation. These results show that the region of the molecule responsible for inactivation interacts, directly or indirectly, with the voltage sensor to prevent the return of the charge to its original position. The gating transitions between closed states of the channel appear not to be independent, suggesting that the channel subunits interact during activation.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Gating Charge Immobilization in Kv4.2 Channels: The Basis of Closed-State Inactivation.
K. Dougherty, J. A. De Santiago-Castillo, and M. Covarrubias (2008)
J. Gen. Physiol. 131, 257-273
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Timothy syndrome mutation differentially affects voltage- and calcium-dependent inactivation of CaV1.2 L-type calcium channels.
C. F. Barrett and R. W. Tsien (2008)
PNAS 105, 2157-2162
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gating currents from a Kv3 subfamily potassium channel: charge movement and modification by BDS-II toxin.
Z. Wang, B. Robertson, and D. Fedida (2007)
J. Physiol. 584, 755-767
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Quantitative Description of KcsA Gating I: Macroscopic Currents.
S. Chakrapani, J. F Cordero-Morales, and E. Perozo (2007)
J. Gen. Physiol. 130, 465-478
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Quantitative Description of KcsA Gating II: Single-Channel Currents.
S. Chakrapani, J. F Cordero-Morales, and E. Perozo (2007)
J. Gen. Physiol. 130, 479-496
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modes of Operation of the BKCa Channel {beta}2 Subunit.
N. Savalli, A. Kondratiev, S. B. de Quintana, L. Toro, and R. Olcese (2007)
J. Gen. Physiol. 130, 117-131
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Time- and Voltage-Dependent Components of Kv4.3 Inactivation.
S. Wang, V. E. Bondarenko, Y.-j. Qu, G. C. L. Bett, M. J. Morales, R. L. Rasmusson, and H. C. Strauss (2005)
Biophys. J. 89, 3026-3041
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hysteresis in the Voltage Dependence of HCN Channels: Conversion between Two Modes Affects Pacemaker Properties.
R. Mannikko, S. Pandey, H. P. Larsson, and F. Elinder (2005)
J. Gen. Physiol. 125, 305-326
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Perturbation Analysis of the Voltage-sensitive Conformational Changes of the Na+/Glucose Cotransporter.
D. D.F. Loo, B. A. Hirayama, A. Cha, F. Bezanilla, and E. M. Wright (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 125, 13-36
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stabilizing the Closed S6 Gate in the Shaker K v Channel Through Modification of a Hydrophobic Seal.
T. Kitaguchi, M. Sukhareva, and K. J. Swartz (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 124, 319-332
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NH2-terminal Inactivation Peptide Binding to C-type-inactivated Kv Channels.
H. T. Kurata, Z. Wang, and D. Fedida (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 123, 505-520
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of the Voltage Sensor of L-type Ca2+ Channels by Intracellular Ca2+.
D. Isaev, K. Solt, O. Gurtovaya, J. P. Reeves, and R. Shirokov (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 123, 555-571
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fast gating in the Shaker K+ channel and the energy landscape of activation.
D. Sigg, F. Bezanilla, and E. Stefani (2003)
PNAS 100, 7611-7615
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two Components of Voltage-Dependent Inactivation in Cav1.2 Channels Revealed by Its Gating Currents.
G. Ferreira, E. Rios, and N. Reyes (2003)
Biophys. J. 84, 3662-3678
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Close Association of the N Terminus of Kv1.3 with the Pore Region.
X. Yao, W. Liu, S. Tian, H. Rafi, A. S. Segal, and G. V. Desir (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 10859-10863
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Voltage Sensor in Voltage-Dependent Ion Channels.
F. Bezanilla (2000)
Physiol Rev 80, 555-592
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequential gating in the human heart K+ channel Kv1.5 incorporates Q1 and Q2 charge components.
J. C. Hesketh and D. Fedida (1999)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 277, H1956-H1966
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Alternative Splicing in the Pore-Forming Region of shaker Potassium Channels.
M. Kim, D. J. Baro, C. C. Lanning, M. Doshi, J. Farnham, H. S. Moskowitz, J. H. Peck, B. M. Olivera, and R. M. Harris-Warrick (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 8213-8224
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
.
X. Zhang, J. W. Anderson, and D. Fedida (1997)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281, 1247-1256
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Deactivation Retards Recovery from Inactivation in Shaker K+ Channels.
C.-C. Kuo (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 3436-3444
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Voltage-controlled gating in a large conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+channel (hslo).
E. Stefani, M. Ottolia, F. Noceti, R. Olcese, M. Wallner, R. Latorre, and L. Toro (1997)
PNAS 94, 5427-5431
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gating current noise produced by elementary transitions in Shaker potassium channels.
D Sigg, E Stefani, and F Bezanilla (1994)
Science 264, 578-582
   Abstract »    PDF »
Potentiation by the beta subunit of the ratio of the ionic current to the charge movement in the cardiac calcium channel.
A Neely, X Wei, R Olcese, L Birnbaumer, and E Stefani (1993)
Science 262, 575-578
   Abstract »    PDF »
Expression of an inward-rectifying potassium channel by the Arabidopsis KAT1 cDNA.
D. Schachtman, J. Schroeder, W. Lucas, J. Anderson, and R. Gaber (1992)
Science 258, 1654-1658
   Abstract »    PDF »
The size of gating charge in wild-type and mutant Shaker potassium channels.
N. Schoppa, K McCormack, M. Tanouye, and F. Sigworth (1992)
Science 255, 1712-1715
   Abstract »    PDF »


ADVERTISEMENT
Click Me!

ADVERTISEMENT
Click Me!

To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)