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Science 11 October 1991:
Vol. 254. no. 5029, pp. 274 - 277
DOI: 10.1126/science.1833819

Articles

Science, Vol 254, Issue 5029, 274-277
Copyright © 1991 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

A retroviral oncogene, akt, encoding a serine-threonine kinase containing an SH2-like region

A Bellacosa, Testa JR, SP Staal, and PN Tsichlis

Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111.

The v-akt oncogene codes for a 105-kilodalton fusion phosphoprotein containing Gag sequences at its amino terminus. Sequence analysis of v-akt and biochemical characterization of its product revealed that it codes for a protein kinase C-related serine-threonine kinase whose cellular homolog is expressed in most tissues, with the highest amount found in thymus. Although Akt is a serine-threonine kinase, part of its regulatory region is similar to the Src homology-2 domain, a structural motif characteristic of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that functions in protein-protein interactions. This suggests that Akt may form a functional link between tyrosine and serine-threonine phosphorylation pathways.


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J. Virol. 79, 4440-4450
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Inhibition of Protein Synthesis by Y Box-Binding Protein 1 Blocks Oncogenic Cell Transformation.
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J. Cell Biol. 168, 921-928
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D. L. Dai, M. Martinka, and G. Li (2005)
J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 1473-1482
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Complex Regulation of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27kip1 in Thyroid Cancer Cells by the PI3K/AKT Pathway: Regulation of p27kip1 Expression and Localization.
M. L. Motti, D. Califano, G. Troncone, C. De Marco, I. Migliaccio, E. Palmieri, L. Pezzullo, L. Palombini, A. Fusco, and G. Viglietto (2005)
Am. J. Pathol. 166, 737-749
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Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling Revealed by a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Reporter.
M. T. Kunkel, Q. Ni, R. Y. Tsien, J. Zhang, and A. C. Newton (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 5581-5587
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mutations identified in human cancer are oncogenic.
S. Kang, A. G. Bader, and P. K. Vogt (2005)
PNAS 102, 802-807
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Mitochondria and Cancer: Warburg Addressed.
D.C. WALLACE (2005)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 70, 363-374
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Inhibition of Akt/Protein Kinase B Signaling by Naltrindole in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.
Y. L. Chen, P. Y. Law, and H. H. Loh (2004)
Cancer Res. 64, 8723-8730
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Putting the Rap on Akt.
J. E. Thompson and C. B. Thompson (2004)
J. Clin. Oncol. 22, 4217-4226
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Structural Basis for the Co-activation of Protein Kinase B by T-cell Leukemia-1 (TCL1) Family Proto-oncoproteins.
D. Auguin, P. Barthe, C. Royer, M.-H. Stern, M. Noguchi, S. T. Arold, and C. Roumestand (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 35890-35902
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The Biology and Clinical Relevance of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor Pathway.
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J. Gen. Virol. 85, 1065-1076
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Role of Protein Kinase B-Dependent Signaling in Lung Tumorigenesis.
J. M. Kurie (2004)
Chest 125, 141S-144S
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M. Esfandiarei, H. Luo, B. Yanagawa, A. Suarez, D. Dabiri, J. Zhang, and B. M. McManus (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 4289-4298
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S. S. Castillo, J. Brognard, P. A. Petukhov, C. Zhang, J. Tsurutani, C. A. Granville, M. Li, M. Jung, K. A. West, J. G. Gills, et al. (2004)
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Liver tumors escape negative control of proliferation via PI3K/Akt-mediated block of C/EBP{alpha} growth inhibitory activity.
G.-L. Wang, P. Iakova, M. Wilde, S. Awad, and N. A. Timchenko (2004)
Genes & Dev. 18, 912-925
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Akt Phosphorylation and Stabilization of X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP).
H. C. Dan, M. Sun, S. Kaneko, R. I. Feldman, S. V. Nicosia, H.-G. Wang, B. K. Tsang, and J. Q. Cheng (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 5405-5412
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J. C. Rathmell, C. J. Fox, D. R. Plas, P. S. Hammerman, R. M. Cinalli, and C. B. Thompson (2003)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 7315-7328
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Y box-binding protein 1 induces resistance to oncogenic transformation by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway.
A. G. Bader, K. A. Felts, N. Jiang, H. W. Chang, and P. K. Vogt (2003)
PNAS 100, 12384-12389
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Specificity in the activation and control of transcription factor E2F-dependent apoptosis.
T. C. Hallstrom and J. R. Nevins (2003)
PNAS 100, 10848-10853
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Transformation of Mouse Fibroblasts by Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Envelope Does Not Require Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase.
N. Maeda, Y. Inoshima, D. A. Fruman, S. M. Brachmann, and H. Fan (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 9951-9959
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R. Das, G. H. Mahabeleshwar, and G. C. Kundu (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 28593-28606
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Adrenomedullin Reduces VEGF-Induced Endothelial Adhesion Molecules and Adhesiveness Through a Phosphatidylinositol 3'-Kinase Pathway.
W. Kim, S.-O. Moon, S. Lee, M. J. Sung, S. H. Kim, and S. K. Park (2003)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23, 1377-1383
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Use of RNA Interference-mediated Gene Silencing and Adenoviral Overexpression to Elucidate the Roles of AKT/Protein Kinase B Isoforms in Insulin Actions.
T. Katome, T. Obata, R. Matsushima, N. Masuyama, L. C. Cantley, Y. Gotoh, K. Kishi, H. Shiota, and Y. Ebina (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 28312-28323
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Phospho-AKT (Ser473) Expression in Bronchial Dysplasia: Implications for Lung Cancer Prevention Studies.
A. S. Tsao, T. McDonnell, S. Lam, J. B. Putnam, N. Bekele, W. K. Hong, and J. M. Kurie (2003)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 12, 660-664
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Prostate intraepithelial neoplasia induced by prostate restricted Akt activation: The MPAKT model.
P. K. Majumder, J. J. Yeh, D. J. George, P. G. Febbo, J. Kum, Q. Xue, R. Bikoff, H. Ma, P. W. Kantoff, T. R. Golub, et al. (2003)
PNAS 100, 7841-7846
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Evidence That Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase- and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase-4/c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase-dependent Pathways Cooperate to Maintain Lung Cancer Cell Survival.
H.-Y. Lee, H. Srinivas, D. Xia, Y. Lu, R. Superty, R. LaPushin, C. Gomez-Manzano, A. M. Gal, G. L. Walsh, T. Force, et al. (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 23630-23638
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Akt as a possible intracellular mediator for decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells.
O. Yoshino, Y. Osuga, Y. Hirota, K. Koga, T. Yano, O. Tsutsumi, and Y. Taketani (2003)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 9, 265-269
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Targeting the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway for Enhancing Breast Cancer Cells to Radiotherapy.
K. Liang, W. Jin, C. Knuefermann, M. Schmidt, G. B. Mills, K. K. Ang, L. Milas, and Z. Fan (2003)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 2, 353-360
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Akt Activation Promotes Degradation of Tuberin and FOXO3a via the Proteasome.
D. R. Plas and C. B. Thompson (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 12361-12366
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Akt as a Mediator of Secretory Phospholipase A2 Receptor-Involved Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression.
D.-W. Park, J.-R. Kim, S.-Y. Kim, J.-K. Sonn, O.-S. Bang, S.-S. Kang, J.-H. Kim, and S.-H. Baek (2003)
J. Immunol. 170, 2093-2099
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J. Biol. Chem. 277, 34679-34691
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The Role of Asp-462 in Regulating Akt Activity.
J. Xu, D. Liu, and Z. Songyang (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35561-35566
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M. Khaled, L. Larribere, K. Bille, E. Aberdam, J.-P. Ortonne, R. Ballotti, and C. Bertolotto (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 33690-33697
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Dependent Steps in Activation of Protein Kinase B.
M. P. Scheid, P. A. Marignani, and J. R. Woodgett (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 6247-6260
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Drosophila insulin/IGF receptor controls growth and size by modulating PtdInsP3 levels.
S. Oldham, H. Stocker, M. Laffargue, F. Wittwer, M. Wymann, and E. Hafen (2002)
Development 129, 4103-4109
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1-mediated AKT Activation Postpones the Onset of Ultraviolet B-induced Apoptosis, Providing More Time for Cyclobutane Thymine Dimer Removal in Primary Human Keratinocytes.
D. Decraene, P. Agostinis, R. Bouillon, H. Degreef, and M. Garmyn (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 32587-32595
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
cAMP Inhibition of Akt Is Mediated by Activated and Phosphorylated Rap1b.
L. Lou, J. Urbani, F. Ribeiro-Neto, and D. L. Altschuler (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 32799-32806
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Akt-Dependent Phosphorylation Specifically Regulates Cot Induction of NF-{kappa}B-Dependent Transcription.
L. P. Kane, M. N. Mollenauer, Z. Xu, C. W. Turck, and A. Weiss (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 5962-5974
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of JNK by Cellular Stress- and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha -induced AKT2 through Activation of the NFkappa B Pathway in Human Epithelial Cells.
Z.-q. Yuan, R. I. Feldman, M. Sun, N. E. Olashaw, D. Coppola, G. E. Sussman, S. A. Shelley, S. V. Nicosia, and J. Q. Cheng (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 29973-29982
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cross-Linking CD98 Promotes Integrin-like Signaling and Anchorage-independent Growth.
R. C. Rintoul, R. C. Buttery, A. C Mackinnon, W. S. Wong, D. Mosher, C. Haslett, and T. Sethi (2002)
Mol. Biol. Cell 13, 2841-2852
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Constitutive and Inducible Akt Activity Promotes Resistance to Chemotherapy, Trastuzumab, or Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer Cells.
A. S. Clark, K. West, S. Streicher, and P. A. Dennis (2002)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 1, 707-717
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inactivation of the Antiapoptotic Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway by the Combined Treatment of Taxol and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibition.
J. P. MacKeigan, D. J. Taxman, D. Hunter, H. S. Earp III, L. M. Graves, and J. P-Y. Ting (2002)
Clin. Cancer Res. 8, 2091-2099
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Nuclear Factor {kappa}B Activation in PC3 Cells by Genistein Is Mediated via Akt Signaling Pathway.
Y. Li and F. H. Sarkar (2002)
Clin. Cancer Res. 8, 2369-2377
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Akt Signaling in Vascular Homeostasis and Angiogenesis.
I. Shiojima and K. Walsh (2002)
Circ. Res. 90, 1243-1250
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Akt Enhances Mdm2-mediated Ubiquitination and Degradation of p53.
Y. Ogawara, S. Kishishita, T. Obata, Y. Isazawa, T. Suzuki, K. Tanaka, N. Masuyama, and Y. Gotoh (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 21843-21850
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Envelope-Induced Cell Transformation by Ovine Betaretroviruses.
A. Alberti, C. Murgia, S.-L. Liu, M. Mura, C. Cousens, M. Sharp, A. D. Miller, and M. Palmarini (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 5387-5394
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical Involvement of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway in Anchorage-independent Growth and Hematogeneous Intrahepatic Metastasis of Liver Cancer.
K. Nakanishi, M. Sakamoto, J. Yasuda, M. Takamura, N. Fujita, T. Tsuruo, S. Todo, and S. Hirohashi (2002)
Cancer Res. 62, 2971-2975
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Elevated nucleocytoplasmic glycosylation by O-GlcNAc results in insulin resistance associated with defects in Akt activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
K. Vosseller, L. Wells, M. D. Lane, and G. W. Hart (2002)
PNAS 99, 5313-5318
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PKB/Akt: a key mediator of cell proliferation, survival and insulin responses?.
M. A. Lawlor and D. R. Alessi (2002)
J. Cell Sci. 114, 2903-2910
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



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