Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 4 January 1991:
Vol. 251. no. 4989, pp. 87 - 90
DOI: 10.1126/science.1846049
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 251, Issue 4989, 87-90
Copyright © 1991 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Critical structural elements of the VP16 transcriptional activation domain

WD Cress and SJ Triezenberg

Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1319.

Virion protein 16 (VP16) of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain. Missense mutations within this domain have provided insights into the structural elements critical for its function. Net negative charge contributed to, but was not sufficient for, transcriptional activation by VP16. A putative amphipathic alpha helix did not appear to be an important structural component of the activation domain. A phenylalanine residue at position 442 was exquisitely sensitive to mutation. Transcriptional activators of several classes contain hydrophobic amino acids arranged in patterns resembling that of VP16. Therefore, the mechanism of transcriptional activation by VP16 and other proteins may involve both ionic and specific hydrophobic interactions with target molecules.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Interaction between the Transactivation Domain of p53 and PC4 Exemplifies Acidic Activation Domains as Single-stranded DNA Mimics.
S. Rajagopalan, A. Andreeva, D. P. Teufel, S. M. Freund, and A. R. Fersht (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 21728-21737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of the Varicella-Zoster Virus IE62 N-Terminal Acidic Transactivating Domain and Its Interaction with the Human Mediator Complex.
S. Yamamoto, A. Eletsky, T. Szyperski, J. Hay, and W. T. Ruyechan (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 6300-6305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transactivation, Dimerization, and DNA-Binding Activity of White Spot Syndrome Virus Immediate-Early Protein IE1.
W.-J. Liu, Y.-S. Chang, H.-C. Wang, J.-H. Leu, G.-H. Kou, and C.-F. Lo (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 11362-11373
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Coactivator Function of Arabidopsis NPR1 Requires the Core of Its BTB/POZ Domain and the Oxidation of C-Terminal Cysteines.
A. Rochon, P. Boyle, T. Wignes, P. R. Fobert, and C. Despres (2006)
PLANT CELL 18, 3670-3685
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Targets of the Gal4 Transcription Activator in Functional Transcription Complexes.
W. M. Reeves and S. Hahn (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 9092-9102
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutations in TFIIIA That Increase Stability of the TFIIIA-5 S rRNA Gene Complex: UNUSUAL EFFECTS ON THE KINETICS OF COMPLEX ASSEMBLY AND DISSOCIATION.
K. L. Brady, S. N. Ponnampalam, M. J. Bumbulis, and D. R. Setzer (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 26743-26750
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Arabidopsis Homeodomain Transcription Factor, OVEREXPRESSOR OF CATIONIC PEROXIDASE 3, Mediates Resistance to Infection by Necrotrophic Pathogens.
A. Coego, V. Ramirez, M. J. Gil, V. Flors, B. Mauch-Mani, and P. Vera (2005)
PLANT CELL 17, 2123-2137
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanism of Transcription Factor Recruitment by Acidic Activators.
M. E. Ferreira, S. Hermann, P. Prochasson, J. L. Workman, K. D. Berndt, and A. P. H. Wright (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 21779-21784
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Common Effects of Acidic Activators on Large-Scale Chromatin Structure and Transcription.
A. E. Carpenter, S. Memedula, M. J. Plutz, and A. S. Belmont (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 958-968
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Carboxyl-Terminal Region of Human Cytomegalovirus IE1491aa Contains an Acidic Domain That Plays a Regulatory Role and a Chromatin-Tethering Domain That Is Dispensable during Viral Replication.
J. Reinhardt, G. B. Smith, C. T. Himmelheber, J. Azizkhan-Clifford, and E. S. Mocarski (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 225-233
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Msn2- and Msn4-Like Transcription Factors Play No Obvious Roles in the Stress Responses of the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans.
S. Nicholls, M. Straffon, B. Enjalbert, A. Nantel, S. Macaskill, M. Whiteway, and A. J. P. Brown (2004)
Eukaryot. Cell 3, 1111-1123
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mapping activation and repression domains of the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain protein.
A. Stepchenko and M. Nirenberg (2004)
PNAS 101, 13180-13185
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification, Mutational Analysis, and Coactivator Requirements of Two Distinct Transcriptional Activation Domains of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hap4 Protein.
J. L. Stebbins and S. J. Triezenberg (2004)
Eukaryot. Cell 3, 339-347
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RNA sequences that work as transcriptional activating regions.
S. Saha, A. Z. Ansari, K. A. Jarrell, and M. Ptashne (2003)
Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 1565-1570
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Use of a Genetically Introduced Cross-linker to Identify Interaction Sites of Acidic Activators within Native Transcription Factor IID and SAGA.
J. Klein, M. Nolden, S. L. Sanders, J. Kirchner, P. A. Weil, and K. Melcher (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 6779-6786
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transactivation Functions of the N-Terminal Domains of Nuclear Hormone Receptors: Protein Folding and Coactivator Interactions.
R. Kumar and E. B. Thompson (2003)
Mol. Endocrinol. 17, 1-10
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The VP16 Activation Domain Interacts with Multiple Transcriptional Components as Determined by Protein-Protein Cross-linking in Vivo.
D. B. Hall and K. Struhl (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 46043-46050
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
General and Specific Alterations in Programming of Global Viral Gene Expression during Infection by VP16 Activation-Deficient Mutants of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.
W. C. Yang, G. V. Devi-Rao, P. Ghazal, E. K. Wagner, and S. J. Triezenberg (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 12758-12774
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Removal of impurities from transcription factor preparations that alter their DNA-binding properties.
L. Sun and T. Kodadek (2002)
Nucleic Acids Res. 30, e88
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A target essential for the activity of a nonacidic yeast transcriptional activator.
Z. Lu, A. Z. Ansari, X. Lu, A. Ogirala, and M. Ptashne (2002)
PNAS 99, 8591-8596
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
How Transcriptional Activators Bind Target Proteins.
S. Hermann, K. D. Berndt, and A. P. Wright (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 40127-40132
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Transcriptional Activation Domain of the Plant-Specific Dof1 Factor Functions in Plant, Animal, and Yeast Cells.
S. Yanagisawa (2001)
Plant Cell Physiol. 42, 813-822
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The S. cerevisiae SAGA complex functions in vivo as a coactivator for transcriptional activation by Gal4.
E. Larschan and F. Winston (2001)
Genes & Dev. 15, 1946-1956
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dual Roles of RNA Helicase A in CREB-Dependent Transcription.
S. Aratani, R. Fujii, T. Oishi, H. Fujita, T. Amano, T. Ohshima, M. Hagiwara, A. Fukamizu, and T. Nakajima (2001)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 4460-4469
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of the Arabidopsis B Class Homeotic Genes by APETALA1.
M. Ng and M. F. Yanofsky (2001)
PLANT CELL 13, 739-754
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Differences in Determinants Required for Complex Formation and Transactivation in Related VP16 Proteins.
M. Grapes and P. O'Hare (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 10112-10121
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Function of N-Terminal Transactivation Domain of the Estrogen Receptor Requires a Potential {alpha}-Helical Structure and Is Negatively Regulated by the A Domain.
R. Métivier, F. G. Petit, Y. Valotaire, and F. Pakdel (2000)
Mol. Endocrinol. 14, 1849-1871
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Cloning of the Arabidopsis Clock Gene TOC1, an Autoregulatory Response Regulator Homolog.
C. Strayer, T. Oyama, T. F. Schultz, R. Raman, D. E. Somers, P. Más, S. Panda, J. A. Kreps, and S. A. Kay (2000)
Science 289, 768-771
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Mutations in the Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome Define Critical Steps in the Assembly of the Regulatory Factor X Complex.
N. Nekrep, N. Jabrane-Ferrat, and B. M. Peterlin (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 4455-4461
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Isolation of the ace1 Gene Encoding a Cys2-His2 Transcription Factor Involved in Regulation of Activity of the Cellulase Promoter cbh1 of Trichoderma reesei.
A. Saloheimo, N. Aro, M. Ilmen, and M. Penttila (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 5817-5825
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 interacts with p300, CBP, and PCAF histone acetyltransferases in activation of the LMP1 promoter.
L. Wang, S. R. Grossman, and E. Kieff (2000)
PNAS 97, 430-435
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphorylation of bicoid on MAP-kinase sites: contribution to its interaction with the torso pathway.
F Janody, R Sturny, F Catala, C Desplan, and N Dostatni (2000)
Development 127, 279-289
   Abstract »    PDF »
Characterization of the Amino-terminal Activation Domain of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor alpha . IMPORTANCE OF alpha -HELICAL STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSACTIVATING FUNCTION.
R. Hi, S. Osada, N. Yumoto, and T. Osumi (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35152-35158
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Activation Domain of Herpesvirus Saimiri R Protein Interacts with the TATA-Binding Protein.
K. T. Hall, A. J. Stevenson, D. J. Goodwin, P. C. Gibson, A. F. Markham, and A. Whitehouse (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 9756-9763
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Genetic Dissection of hTAFII130 Defines a Hydrophobic Surface Required for Interaction with Glutamine-rich Activators.
E. Rojo-Niersbach, T. Furukawa, and N. Tanese (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 33778-33784
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Activation by the Product of Open Reading Frame 50 of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Is Required for Lytic Viral Reactivation in B Cells.
D. M. Lukac, J. R. Kirshner, and D. Ganem (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 9348-9361
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutations That Increase Acidity Enhance the Transcriptional Activity of the Glutamine-rich Activation Domain in Stage-specific Activator Protein.
M. L. Benuck, Z. Li, and G. Childs (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 25419-25425
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of the Murine Dihydrofolate Reductase Promoter by E2F1. A REQUIREMENT FOR CBP RECRUITMENT.
C. J. Fry, A. Pearson, E. Malinowski, S. M. Bartley, J. Greenblatt, and P. J. Farnham (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 15883-15891
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The CREB Constitutive Activation Domain Interacts with TATA-binding Protein-associated Factor 110 (TAF110) through Specific Hydrophobic Residues in One of the Three Subdomains Required for Both Activation and TAF110 Binding.
E. A. Felinski and P. G. Quinn (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11672-11678
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Short Conserved Motif Is Required for Repressor Domain Function in the Myeloid-specific Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein epsilon.
N. D. Angerer, Y. Du, D. Nalbant, and S. C. Williams (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 4147-4154
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A myb-related protein required for culmination in Dictyostelium.
K Guo, C Anjard, A Harwood, H. Kim, P. Newell, and J. Gross (1999)
Development 126, 2813-2822
   Abstract »    PDF »
Characterization of a p53-related Activation Domain in Adr1p That Is Sufficient for ADR1-dependent Gene Expression.
E. T. Young, J. Saario, N. Kacherovsky, A. Chao, J. S. Sloan, and K. M. Dombek (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 32080-32087
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A transcriptional activating region with two contrasting modes of protein interaction.
A. Z. Ansari, R. J. Reece, and M. Ptashne (1998)
PNAS 95, 13543-13548
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical Structural Elements and Multitarget Protein Interactions of the Transcriptional Activator AF-1 of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4.
V. J. Green, E. Kokkotou, and J. A. A. Ladias (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 29950-29957
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Requirements for Chromatin Modulation and Transcription Activation by the Pho4 Acidic Activation Domain.
P. C. McAndrew, J. Svaren, S. R. Martin, W. Hörz, and C. R. Goding (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 5818-5827
   Abstract »    Full Text »
A novel yeast protein influencing the response of RNA polymerase II to transcriptional activators.
A. Emili, R. Kobayashi, and C. J. Ingles (1998)
PNAS 95, 11122-11127
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The DNA-Binding and {tau}2 Transactivation Domains of the Rat Glucocorticoid Receptor Constitute a Nuclear Matrix-Targeting Signal.
Y. Tang, R. H. Getzenberg, B. N. Vietmeier, M. R. Stallcup, M. Eggert, R. Renkawitz, and D. B. DeFranco (1998)
Mol. Endocrinol. 12, 1420-1431
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Interaction of TATA-Binding Protein with Upstream Activation Factor Is Required for Activated Transcription of Ribosomal DNA by RNA Polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae In Vivo.
J. S. Steffan, D. A. Keys, L. Vu, and M. Nomura (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 3752-3761
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Identification of Transcriptional Activation and Repression Domains in Human CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein epsilon.
E. A. Williamson, H. N. Xu, A. F. Gombart, W. Verbeek, A. M. Chumakov, A. D. Friedman, and H. P. Koeffler (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14796-14804
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dynamic Regulation of Copper Uptake and Detoxification Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
M. M. O. Pena, K. A. Koch, and D. J. Thiele (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 2514-2523
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interactions within the Yeast Sm Core Complex: from Proteins to Amino Acids.
A. Camasses, E. Bragado-Nilsson, R. Martin, B. Séraphin, and R. Bordonné (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 1956-1966
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Activation of Chromosomal DNA Replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Acidic Transcriptional Activation Domains.
R. Li, D. S. Yu, M. Tanaka, L. Zheng, S. L. Berger, and B. Stillman (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 1296-1302
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Alpha Chain of the Nascent Polypeptide-Associated Complex Functions as a Transcriptional Coactivator.
W. V. Yotov, A. Moreau, and R. St-Arnaud (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 1303-1311
   Abstract »    Full Text »
A Hydrophobic Segment within the 81-Amino-Acid Domain of TFIIIA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Essential for Its Transcription Factor Activity.
O. Rowland and J. Segall (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 420-432
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Chromosomal Assignment of Sarcolemmal-associated Proteins. A FAMILY OF ACIDIC AMPHIPATHIC alpha -HELICAL PROTEINS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MEMBRANE.
J. T. Wigle, L. Demchyshyn, M. A. C. Pratt, W. A. Staines, M. Salih, and B. S. Tuana (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 32384-32394
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A nonnatural transcriptional coactivator.
O. Nyanguile, M. Uesugi, D. J. Austin, and G. L. Verdine (1997)
PNAS 94, 13402-13406
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arabidopsis HY5 gene encodes a bZIP protein that regulates stimulus-induced development of root and hypocotyl.
T. Oyama, Y. Shimura, and K. Okada (1997)
Genes & Dev. 11, 2983-2995
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T-cell Proto-oncogene Rhombotin-2 Is a Complex Transcription Regulator Containing Multiple Activation and Repression Domains.
S. Mao, G. A.M. Neale, and R. M. Goorha (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 5594-5599
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence for a transcriptional activation function of BRCA1 C-terminal region.
A. N. A. Monteiro, A. August, and H. Hanafusa (1996)
PNAS 93, 13595-13599
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Delineation of Two Distinct Type 1Activation Functions in the Androgen Receptor Amino-terminal Domain.
N. L. Chamberlain, D. C. Whitacre, and R. L. Miesfeld (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 26772-26778
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Radical mutations reveal TATA-box binding protein surfaces required for activated transcription in vivo..
G O Bryant, L S Martel, S K Burley, and A J Berk (1996)
Genes & Dev. 10, 2491-2504
   Abstract »    PDF »
Synergistic Activation of Transcription by the Mutant and Wild-type Minimal Transcriptional Activation Domain of VP16.
S. Ghosh, C. Toth, B. M. Peterlin, and E. Seto (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9911-9918
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical Amino Acids in the Transcriptional Activation Domain of the Herpesvirus Protein VP16 Are Solvent-exposed in Highly Mobile Protein Segments.
F. Shen, S. J. Triezenberg, P. Hensley, D. Porter, and J. R. Knutson (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4819-4826
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Activation Domain of the Herpesvirus Protein VP16 Becomes Conformationally Constrained upon Interaction with Basal Transcription Factors.
F. Shen, S. J. Triezenberg, P. Hensley, D. Porter, and J. R. Knutson (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4827-4837
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Redundant Domains Contribute to the Transcriptional Activity of the Thyroid Transcription Factor 1.
M. De Felice, G. Damante, M. Zannini, H. Francis-Lang, and R. Di Lauro (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26649-26656
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transactivation Ability of p53 Transcriptional Activation Domain Is Directly Related to the Binding Affinity to TATA-binding Protein.
J. Chang, D.-H. Kim, S. W. Lee, K. Y. Choi, and Y. C. Sung (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 25014-25019
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation Function 1 of Retinoic Acid Receptor beta2 Is an Acidic Activator Resembling VP16.
G. E. Folkers, E. C. van Heerde, and P. T. van der Saag (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23552-23559
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Physical Interactions of the Putative Transcriptional Adaptor, ADA2, with Acidic Activation Domains and TATA-binding Protein.
N. A. Barlev, R. Candau, L. Wang, P. Darpino, N. Silverman, and S. L. Berger (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19337-19344
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Acidic and Phosphorylated Residues in Gene Activation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor.
T. Almlöf, A. P. H. Wright, and J. Gustafsson (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 17535-17540
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Novel DNA Binding Targets and Regulatory Domains of a Murine Tinman Homeodomain Factor, nkx-2.5.
C. Y. Chen and R. J. Schwartz (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 15628-15633
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transactivation of LAP/NF-IL6 Is Mediated by an Acidic Domain in the N-terminal Part of the Protein.
C. Trautwein, D. L. Walker, Jör. Plümpe, and M. P. Manns (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 15130-15136
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of the Amino-terminal Transcriptional Activation Function of the Human Estrogen Receptor in Animal and Yeast Cells.
D. Metzger, S. Ali, J.-M. Bornert, and P. Chambon (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 9535-9542
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of an activator with an RNA polymerase II holoenzyme..
C J Hengartner, C M Thompson, J Zhang, D M Chao, S M Liao, A J Koleske, S Okamura, and R A Young (1995)
Genes & Dev. 9, 897-910
   Abstract »    PDF »
Cloning of an intrinsic human TFIID subunit that interacts with multiple transcriptional activators.
C. Chiang and R. Roeder (1995)
Science 267, 531-536
   Abstract »    PDF »
A single cDNA, hTFIIA/alpha, encodes both the p35 and p19 subunits of human TFIIA..
J DeJong and R G Roeder (1993)
Genes & Dev. 7, 2220-2234
   Abstract »    PDF »
A leucine zipper domain of the suppressor of Hairy-wing protein mediates its repressive effect on enhancer function..
D A Harrison, D A Gdula, R S Coyne, and V G Corces (1993)
Genes & Dev. 7, 1966-1978
   Abstract »    PDF »
Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila even-skipped protein: definition of a minimal repression domain..
K Han and J L Manley (1993)
Genes & Dev. 7, 491-503
   Abstract »    PDF »
How Eukaryotic Transcription Activators Increase Assembly of Preinitiation Complexes.
B. Choy, S.G.E. Roberts, L.A. Griffin, and M.R. Green (1993)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 58, 199-203
   Abstract »    PDF »
The VP16 transcription activation domain is functional when targeted to a promoter-proximal RNA sequence..
L S Tiley, S J Madore, M H Malim, and B R Cullen (1992)
Genes & Dev. 6, 2077-2087
   Abstract »    PDF »
The cell-type-specific activator region of c-Jun juxtaposes constitutive and negatively regulated domains..
V R Baichwal, A Park, and R Tjian (1992)
Genes & Dev. 6, 1493-1502
   Abstract »    PDF »
Muscle-specific transcriptional activation by MyoD..
H Weintraub, V J Dwarki, I Verma, R Davis, S Hollenberg, L Snider, A Lassar, and S J Tapscott (1991)
Genes & Dev. 5, 1377-1386
   Abstract »    PDF »
Analysis of the DNA-binding and activation properties of the human transcription factor AP-2..
T Williams and R Tjian (1991)
Genes & Dev. 5, 670-682
   Abstract »    PDF »
Architectural Principles for the Structure and Function of the Glucocorticoid Receptor tau 1 Core Activation Domain.
A. Warnmark, J.-A. Gustafsson, and A. P. H. Wright (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 15014-15018
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kruppel-like Factor 4 (Gut-enriched Kruppel-like Factor) Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Blocking G1/S Progression of the Cell Cycle.
X. Chen, D. C. Johns, D. E. Geiman, E. Marban, D. T. Dang, G. Hamlin, R. Sun, and V. W. Yang (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 30423-30428
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dioxin-inducible Transactivation in a Chromosomal Setting. ANALYSIS OF THE ACIDIC DOMAIN OF THE Ah RECEPTOR.
L. C. Jones and J. P. Whitlock Jr. (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 25037-25042
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Plasma Membrane-associated Protein RS1 Decreases Transcription of the Transporter SGLT1 in Confluent LLC-PK1 Cells.
T. Korn, T. Kuhlkamp, C. Track, I. Schatz, K. Baumgarten, V. Gorboulev, and H. Koepsell (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 45330-45340
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hydrophobic Residues Phe751 and Leu753 Are Essential for STAT5 Transcriptional Activity.
B. A. Callus and B. Mathey-Prevot (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 16954-16962
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
O-linkage of N-acetylglucosamine to Sp1 activation domain inhibits its transcriptional capability.
X. Yang, K. Su, M. D. Roos, Q. Chang, A. J. Paterson, and J. E. Kudlow (2001)
PNAS 98, 6611-6616
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
N-terminal transcriptional activation domain of LZIP comprises two LxxLL motifs and the Host Cell Factor-1 binding motif.
R. L. Luciano and A. C. Wilson (2000)
PNAS 97, 10757-10762
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)