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Science 6 July 1990:
Vol. 249. no. 4964, pp. 64 - 67
DOI: 10.1126/science.2164259
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Articles

Science, Vol 249, Issue 4964, 64-67
Copyright © 1990 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

An insulin-stimulated protein kinase similar to yeast kinases involved in cell cycle control

TG Boulton, GD Yancopoulos, JS Gregory, C Slaughter, C Moomaw, J Hsu, and MH Cobb

Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Dallas 75235.

A protein kinase characterized by its ability to phosphorylate microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), is thought to be an early intermediate in an insulin-stimulated phosphorylation cascade and in a variety of other mammalian cell responses to extracellular signals. A complementary DNA that encodes this protein serine-threonine kinase has been cloned, and the protein designated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1). ERK1 has striking similarity to two protein kinases, KSS1 and FUS3, from yeast. The yeast kinases function in an antagonistic manner to regulate the cell cycle in response to mating factors. Thus, ERK1 and the two yeast kinases constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved enzymes involved in regulating the response of eukaryotic cells to extracellular signals.


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Protein kinase C activates the MEK-ERK pathway in a manner independent of Ras and dependent on Raf.
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Insulin Stimulation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase, p90[IMAGE], and p70 S6 Kinase in Skeletal Muscle of Normal and Insulin-resistant Mice.
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How MAP Kinases Are Regulated.
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J. Biol. Chem. 270, 14843-14846
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Phosphotyrosine-Dependent Targeting of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Differentiated Contractile Vascular Cells.
R. A. Khalil, C. B. Menice, C.-L. A. Wang, and K. G. Morgan (1995)
Circ. Res. 76, 1101-1108
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Interleukin-13 Signal Transduction in Lymphohemopoietic Cells.
M. J. Welham, L. Learmonth, H. Bone, and J. W. Schrader (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12286-12296
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Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Environmental Stress Cause p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation by Dual Phosphorylation on Tyrosine and Threonine.
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MEK-2, a Caenorhabditis elegans MAP kinase kinase, functions in Ras-mediated vulval induction and other developmental events..
Y Wu, M Han, and K L Guan (1995)
Genes & Dev. 9, 742-755
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JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation..
T Kallunki, B Su, I Tsigelny, H K Sluss, B Derijard, G Moore, R Davis, and M Karin (1994)
Genes & Dev. 8, 2996-3007
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A MAP kinase homolog, mpk-1, is involved in ras-mediated induction of vulval cell fates in Caenorhabditis elegans..
M R Lackner, K Kornfeld, L M Miller, H R Horvitz, and S K Kim (1994)
Genes & Dev. 8, 160-173
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Yeast homolog of mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase, FUS3/DAC2 kinase, is required both for cell fusion and for G1 arrest of the cell cycle and morphological changes by the cdc37 mutation.
H. Fujimura (1994)
J. Cell Sci. 107, 2617-2622
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Microtubule and chromatin behavior follow MAP kinase activity but not MPF activity during meiosis in mouse oocytes.
M. Verlhac, J. Kubiak, H. Clarke, and B Maro (1994)
Development 120, 1017-1025
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An osmosensing signal transduction pathway in yeast.
J. Brewster, T de Valoir, N. Dwyer, E Winter, and M. Gustin (1993)
Science 259, 1760-1763
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Activation of the sphingomyelin signaling pathway in intact EL4 cells and in a cell-free system by IL-1 beta.
S Mathias, A Younes, C. Kan, I Orlow, C Joseph, and R. Kolesnick (1993)
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Signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of FUS3 and KSS1..
A Gartner, K Nasmyth, and G Ammerer (1992)
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha activates the sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway in a cell-free system.
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Requirements for phosphorylation of MAP kinase during meiosis in Xenopus oocytes.
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Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by NMDA receptor activation.
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Functional Redundancy in the Yeast Cell Cycle: FUS3 and KSS1 Have Both Overlapping and Unique Functions.
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The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Family.
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