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Science 15 July 1988: Vol. 241. no. 4863, pp. 317 - 322 DOI: 10.1126/science.3291120
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Articles
Science, Vol 241, Issue 4863, 317-322
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
The RAD9 gene controls the cell cycle response to DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
TA Weinert
and
LH Hartwell
Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Cell division is arrested in many organisms in response to DNA damage. Examinations of the genetic basis for this response in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that the RAD9 gene product is essential for arrest of cell division induced by DNA damage. Wild-type haploid cells irradiated with x-rays either arrest or delay cell division in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Irradiated G1 and M phase haploid cells arrest irreversibly in G2 and die, whereas irradiated G2 phase haploid cells delay in G2 for a time proportional to the extent of damage before resuming cell division. In contrast, irradiated rad9 cells in any phase of the cycle do not delay cell division in G2, but continue to divide for several generations and die. However, efficient DNA repair can occur in irradiated rad9 cells if irradiated cells are blocked for several hours in G2 by treatment with a microtubule poison. The RAD9-dependent response detects potentially lethal DNA damage and causes arrest of cells in G2 until such damage is repaired.
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- Regulatory Networks Revealed by Transcriptional Profiling of Damaged Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells: Rpn4 Links Base Excision Repair with Proteasomes.
- S. A. Jelinsky, P. Estep, G. M. Church, and L. D. Samson (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
20, 8157-8167
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- RB-Dependent S-Phase Response to DNA Damage.
- K. E. Knudsen, D. Booth, S. Naderi, Z. Sever-Chroneos, A. F. Fribourg, I. C. Hunton, J. R. Feramisco, J. Y. J. Wang, and E. S. Knudsen (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
20, 7751-7763
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- Rfc5, in Cooperation with Rad24, Controls DNA Damage Checkpoints throughout the Cell Cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- T. Naiki, T. Shimomura, T. Kondo, K. Matsumoto, and K. Sugimoto (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
20, 5888-5896
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- The checkpoint protein Ddc2, functionally related to S. pombe Rad26, interacts with Mec1 and is regulated by Mec1-dependent phosphorylation in budding yeast.
- V. Paciotti, M. Clerici, G. Lucchini, and M. P. Longhese (2000)
Genes & Dev.
14, 2046-2059
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- POB3 Is Required for Both Transcription and Replication in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- M. B. Schlesinger and T. Formosa (2000)
Genetics
155, 1593-1606
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- Genetic Analyses of Schizosaccharomyces pombe dna2+ Reveal That Dna2 Plays an Essential Role in Okazaki Fragment Metabolism.
- H.-Y. Kang, E. Choi, S.-H. Bae, K.-H. Lee, B.-S. Gim, H.-D. Kim, C. Park, S. A. MacNeill, and Y.-S. Seo (2000)
Genetics
155, 1055-1067
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- Mechanism of Caffeine-Induced Checkpoint Override in Fission Yeast.
- B. A. Moser, J.-M. Brondello, B. Baber-Furnari, and P. Russell (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
20, 4288-4294
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- DNA Repair Protein Rad55 Is a Terminal Substrate of the DNA Damage Checkpoints.
- V. I. Bashkirov, J. S. King, E. V. Bashkirova, J. Schmuckli-Maurer, and W.-D. Heyer (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
20, 4393-4404
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- The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Centromere Protein Slk19p Is Required for Two Successive Divisions During Meiosis.
- X. Zeng and W. S. Saunders (2000)
Genetics
155, 577-587
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- EXO1 and MSH6 Are High-Copy Suppressors of Conditional Mutations in the MSH2 Mismatch Repair Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- T. Sokolsky and E. Alani (2000)
Genetics
155, 589-599
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- Involvement of the PP2C-Like Phosphatase Ptc2p in the DNA Checkpoint Pathways of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- M.-C. Marsolier, P. Roussel, C. Leroy, and C. Mann (2000)
Genetics
154, 1523-1532
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- The Aspergillus nidulans uvsB Gene Encodes an ATM-Related Kinase Required for Multiple Facets of the DNA Damage Response.
- A. F. Hofmann and S. D. Harris (2000)
Genetics
154, 1577-1586
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- mus304 encodes a novel DNA damage checkpoint protein required during Drosophila development.
- M. H. Brodsky, J. J. Sekelsky, G. Tsang, R. S. Hawley, and G. M. Rubin (2000)
Genes & Dev.
14, 666-678
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- Mik1 levels accumulate in S phase and may mediate an intrinsic link between S phase and mitosis.
- P. U. Christensen, N. J. Bentley, R. G. Martinho, O. Nielsen, and A. M. Carr (2000)
PNAS
97, 2579-2584
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- DNA Damage-Inducible and RAD52-Independent Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- C. W. Moore, J. McKoy, M. Dardalhon, D. Davermann, M. Martinez, and D. Averbeck (2000)
Genetics
154, 1085-1099
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