Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 11 March 1988:
Vol. 239. no. 4845, pp. 1306 - 1308
DOI: 10.1126/science.3344436
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 239, Issue 4845, 1306-1308
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Salivary gland lysates from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis enhance Leishmania infectivity

RG Titus and JM Ribeiro

Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The role of sand fly saliva in transmission of the disease was investigated by injecting mice with Leishmania major parasites in the presence of homogenized salivary glands from Lutzomyia longipalpis. This procedure resulted in cutaneous lesions of Leishmania major that were routinely five to ten times as large and contained as much as 5000 times as many parasites as controls. With inocula consisting of low numbers of Leishmania major, parasites were detected at the site of injection only when the inoculum also contained salivary gland material. This enhancing effect of sand fly salivary glands on cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred with as little as 10 percent of the contents of one salivary gland of one fly. Material obtained from other bloodsucking arthropods could not mediate the phenomenon.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Is Enhanced by Vector Saliva through Immunosuppressant Mechanisms Mediated by Lysophosphatidylcholine.
R. D. Mesquita, A. B. Carneiro, A. Bafica, F. Gazos-Lopes, C. M. Takiya, T. Souto-Padron, D. P. Vieira, A. Ferreira-Pereira, I. C. Almeida, R. T. Figueiredo, et al. (2008)
Infect. Immun. 76, 5543-5552
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantification of the infectious dose of Leishmania major transmitted to the skin by single sand flies.
N. Kimblin, N. Peters, A. Debrabant, N. Secundino, J. Egen, P. Lawyer, M. P. Fay, S. Kamhawi, and D. Sacks (2008)
PNAS 105, 10125-10130
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phlebotomine salivas inhibit immune inflammation-induced neutrophil migration via an autocrine DC-derived PGE2/IL-10 sequential pathway.
V. Carregaro, J. G. Valenzuela, T. M. Cunha, W. A. Verri Jr., R. Grespan, G. Matsumura, J. M. C. Ribeiro, D.-E. Elnaiem, J. S. Silva, and F. Q. Cunha (2008)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 84, 104-114
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lutzomyia longipalpis Salivary Peptide Maxadilan Alters Murine Dendritic Cell Expression of CD80/86, CCR7, and Cytokine Secretion and Reprograms Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cytokine Release from Cultures Containing Allogeneic T Cells.
W. H. Wheat, K. E. Pauken, R. V. Morris, and R. G. Titus (2008)
J. Immunol. 180, 8286-8298
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunity to a salivary protein of a sand fly vector protects against the fatal outcome of visceral leishmaniasis in a hamster model.
R. Gomes, C. Teixeira, M. J. Teixeira, F. Oliveira, M. J. Menezes, C. Silva, C. I. de Oliveira, J. C. Miranda, D.-E. Elnaiem, S. Kamhawi, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 7845-7850
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunomodulatory Effects of the Lutzomyia longipalpis Salivary Gland Protein Maxadilan on Mouse Macrophages.
T. M. Brodie, M. C. Smith, R. V. Morris, and R. G. Titus (2007)
Infect. Immun. 75, 2359-2365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
EFFECT OF LUTZOMYIA LONGIPALPIS SALIVARY GLAND EXTRACTS ON LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION INDUCED BY LEISHMANIA MAJOR.
M. C. MONTEIRO, H. C. LIMA, A. A. A. SOUZA, R. G. TITUS, P. R. T. ROMAO, and F. DE QUEIROZ CUNHA (2007)
Am J Trop Med Hyg 76, 88-94
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TRIATOMA INFESTANS CHOOSES TO FEED UPON IMMUNE PREY.
M. M. HECHT, A. C. BUSSACOS, S. P. LOZZI, J. M. SANTANA, and A. R.L. TEIXEIRA (2006)
Am J Trop Med Hyg 75, 893-900
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tsetse Fly Saliva Accelerates the Onset of Trypanosoma brucei Infection in a Mouse Model Associated with a Reduced Host Inflammatory Response.
G. Caljon, J. Van Den Abbeele, B. Stijlemans, M. Coosemans, P. De Baetselier, and S. Magez (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 6324-6330
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Disruption of the salivary protein 14 in ixodes scapularis nymphs and impact on pathogen acquisition..
J. H. F. PEDRA, S. NARASIMHAN, K. DEPONTE, N. MARCANTONIO, F. S. KANTOR, and E. FIKRIG (2006)
Am J Trop Med Hyg 75, 677-682
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of the Yersinia pestis plasminogen activator in the incidence of distinct septicemic and bubonic forms of flea-borne plague.
F. Sebbane, C. O. Jarrett, D. Gardner, D. Long, and B. J. Hinnebusch (2006)
PNAS 103, 5526-5530
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Saliva from Lutzomyia longipalpis Induces CC Chemokine Ligand 2/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression and Macrophage Recruitment.
C. R. Teixeira, M. J. Teixeira, R. B. B. Gomes, C. S. Santos, B. B. Andrade, I. Raffaele-Netto, J. S. Silva, A. Guglielmotti, J. C. Miranda, A. Barral, et al. (2005)
J. Immunol. 175, 8346-8353
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium chabaudi and P. vinckei do not increase their rates of gametocytogenesis in response to mosquito probing.
D. Shutler, S. E Reece, A. Mullie, P. F Billingsley, and A. F Read (2005)
Proc R Soc B 272, 2397-2402
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Malaria parasite growth is stimulated by mosquito probing.
P.F Billingsley, L.S Snook, and V.J Johnston (2005)
Biol Lett 1, 185-189
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impact of an ectoparasite on the immunity and pathology of an invertebrate: Evidence for host immunosuppression and viral amplification.
X. Yang and D. L. Cox-Foster (2005)
PNAS 102, 7470-7475
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
INFLAMMATORY CELL INFILTRATION AND HIGH ANTIBODY PRODUCTION IN BALB/c MICE CAUSED BY NATURAL EXPOSURE TO LUTZOMYIA LONGIPALPIS BITES.
F. SILVA, R. GOMES, D. PRATES, J. C. MIRANDA, B. ANDRADE, M. BARRAL-NETTO, and A. BARRAL (2005)
Am J Trop Med Hyg 72, 94-98
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of the most abundant secreted proteins from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of Leishmania chagasi.
J. G. Valenzuela, M. Garfield, E. D. Rowton, and V. M. Pham (2004)
J. Exp. Biol. 207, 3717-3729
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Flea-Borne Transmission Model To Evaluate Vaccine Efficacy against Naturally Acquired Bubonic Plague.
C. O. Jarrett, F. Sebbane, J. J. Adamovicz, G. P. Andrews, and B. J. Hinnebusch (2004)
Infect. Immun. 72, 2052-2056
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sand Fly Saliva Enhances Leishmania amazonensis Infection by Modulating Interleukin-10 Production.
N. B. Norsworthy, J. Sun, D. Elnaiem, G. Lanzaro, and L. Soong (2004)
Infect. Immun. 72, 1240-1247
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lutzomyia longipalpis Salivary Gland Homogenate Impairs Cytokine Production and Costimulatory Molecule Expression on Human Monocytes and Dendritic Cells.
D. J. Costa, C. Favali, J. Clarencio, L. Afonso, V. Conceicao, J. C. Miranda, R. G. Titus, J. Valenzuela, M. Barral-Netto, A. Barral, et al. (2004)
Infect. Immun. 72, 1298-1305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY IN MAXADILAN, A SALIVARY PROTEIN FROM THE SAND FLY VECTOR OF AMERICAN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS.
R. S. MILLERON, J.-P. MUTEBI, S. VALLE, A. MONTOYA, H. YIN, L. SOONG, and G. C. LANZARO (2004)
Am J Trop Med Hyg 70, 286-293
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intradermal Infection Model for Pathogenesis and Vaccine Studies of Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis.
S. Ahmed, M. Colmenares, L. Soong, K. Goldsmith-Pestana, L. Munstermann, R. Molina, and D. McMahon-Pratt (2003)
Infect. Immun. 71, 401-410
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aquatic Insects as a Vector for Mycobacterium ulcerans.
L. Marsollier, R. Robert, J. Aubry, J.-P. Saint Andre, H. Kouakou, P. Legras, A.-L. Manceau, C. Mahaza, and B. Carbonnelle (2002)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 68, 4623-4628
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sandfly Maxadilan Exacerbates Infection with Leishmania major and Vaccinating Against It Protects Against L. major Infection.
R. V. Morris, C. B. Shoemaker, J. R. David, G. C. Lanzaro, and R. G. Titus (2001)
J. Immunol. 167, 5226-5230
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Leishmaniasis Vaccination: Targeting the Source of Infection.
S. G. Reed (2001)
J. Exp. Med. 194, f7-f10
   Full Text »    PDF »
Toward a Defined Anti-Leishmania Vaccine Targeting Vector Antigens: Characterization of a Protective Salivary Protein.
J. G. Valenzuela, Y. Belkaid, M. K. Garfield, S. Mendez, S. Kamhawi, E. D. Rowton, D. L. Sacks, and J. M.C. Ribeiro (2001)
J. Exp. Med. 194, 331-342
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of an IL-2 Binding Protein in the Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector Tick, Ixodes scapularis.
R. D. Gillespie, M. C. Dolan, J. Piesman, and R. G. Titus (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 4319-4326
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protection Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Resulting from Bites of Uninfected Sand Flies.
S. Kamhawi, Y. Belkaid, G. Modi, E. Rowton, and D. Sacks (2000)
Science 290, 1351-1354
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Evolution of Lesion Formation, Parasitic Load, Immune Response, and Reservoir Potential in C57BL/6 Mice following High- and Low-Dose Challenge with Leishmania major.
R. Lira, M. Doherty, G. Modi, and D. Sacks (2000)
Infect. Immun. 68, 5176-5182
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetics of Mosquito Vector Competence.
B. T. Beerntsen, A. A. James, and B. M. Christensen (2000)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64, 115-137
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toward an understanding of the biochemical and pharmacological complexity of the saliva of a hematophagous sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis.
R. Charlab, J. G. Valenzuela, E. D. Rowton, and J. M. C. Ribeiro (1999)
PNAS 96, 15155-15160
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Infectivity of Plasmodium berghei Sporozoites Delivered by Intravenous Inoculation versus Mosquito Bite: Implications for Sporozoite Vaccine Trials.
J. A. Vaughan, L. F. Scheller, R. A. Wirtz, and A. F. Azad (1999)
Infect. Immun. 67, 4285-4289
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Salivary glands of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi contain pharmacologically active amounts of adenosine and 5'-AMP.
J. Ribeiro, O Katz, L. Pannell, J Waitumbi, and A Warburg (1999)
J. Exp. Biol. 202, 1551-1559
   Abstract »    PDF »
Development of a Natural Model of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Powerful Effects of Vector Saliva and Saliva Preexposure on the Long-Term Outcome of Leishmania major Infection in the Mouse Ear Dermis.
Y. Belkaid, S. Kamhawi, G. Modi, J. Valenzuela, N. Noben-Trauth, E. Rowton, J. Ribeiro, and D. L. Sacks (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 188, 1941-1953
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phlebotomus papatasi Sand Fly Salivary Gland Lysate Down-Regulates a Th1, but Up-Regulates a Th2, Response in Mice Infected with Leishmania major.
M. L. Mbow, J. A. Bleyenberg, L. R. Hall, and R. G. Titus (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 5571-5577
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phlebotomus papatasi Saliva Inhibits Protein Phosphatase Activity and Nitric Oxide Production by Murine Macrophages.
J. Waitumbi and A. Warburg (1998)
Infect. Immun. 66, 1534-1537
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Vasoactive Peptide Maxadilan from Sand Fly Saliva Inhibits TNF-{alpha} and Induces IL-6 by Mouse Macrophages Through Interaction with the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Receptor.
M. B. P. Soares, R. G. Titus, C. B. Shoemaker, J. R. David, and M. Bozza (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 1811-1816
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transforming growth factor-beta in leishmanial infection: a parasite escape mechanism.
M Barral-Netto, A Barral, C. Brownell, Y. Skeiky, L. Ellingsworth, D. Twardzik, and S. Reed (1992)
Science 257, 545-548
   Abstract »    PDF »
A novel vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis.
J. Ribeiro, A Vachereau, G. Modi, and R. Tesh (1989)
Science 243, 212-214
   Abstract »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)